{"id":1117,"date":"2017-02-17T00:00:54","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T16:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=1117"},"modified":"2020-10-26T19:05:46","modified_gmt":"2020-10-26T11:05:46","slug":"%e9%ac%bc%e5%bd%b1%e5%b9%a2%e5%b9%a2%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e6%9c%ab%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%a5%e6%a2%85%e9%87%8c%e8%91%89%e4%bd%9c%e5%93%81%e7%9c%8b%e6%97%a9%e6%9c%9f%e9%9b%bb%e5%bd%b1%e8%88%87%e8%a6%96%e8%a6%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=1117","title":{"rendered":"\u9b3c\u5f71\u5e62\u5e62\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff1a\u4ee5\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u4f5c\u54c1\u770b\u65e9\u671f\u96fb\u5f71\u8207\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\uff08\u4e0a\u7bc7\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6587 \/ \u9673\u96c5\u96ef<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f86\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5927\u9053\uff0c\u4f60\u5c07\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u6df9\u6c92\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7375\u5947\u95c7\u9ed1\u7684\u5a1b\u6a02\u7bc0\u76ee\u4e2d\uff1a\u65b7\u982d\u5206\u8eab\u8853\u3001\u9ab7\u9acf\u5149\u5f71\u79c0\u3001\u964d\u9748\u6703(\u897f\u6d0b\u7248\u89c0\u843d\u9670)\u3002\u5f7c\u6642\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u9662\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u9084\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u89c0\u773e\u9084\u672a\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u89c0\u300c\u5f71\u300d\u7d93\u9a57\u5df2\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u5e74\u3002\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u300c\u5f71\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u5f9e\u8996\u89ba\u7279\u6548\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u9b3c\u5f71\uff1b\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u6295\u5f71\u3001\u5149\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u5c0d\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5c4f\u5e55\u5be6\u8e10(screen practice) \u5982\uff1a\u5e7b\u71c8\u79c0(magic lantern)\u3001\u9b45\u5f71\u79c0(phantasmagoria)\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\uff1b\u63a5\u8457\u8207\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7279\u6548\u651d\u5f71\u3001\u9b54\u8853\u5287\u5834\u3001\u5947\u5e7b\u7ae5\u8a71\u5287(fairy plays)\u7b49\u5171\u4eab\u90e8\u5206\u8996\u89ba\u8a9e\u5f59\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u5728\u8349\u5275\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u6eb6\u63a5(dissolve)\u8207\u591a\u91cd\u66dd\u5149(multiple exposure)\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u5df2\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u901a\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5a1b\u6a02\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7a4d\u7d2f\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e96\u96fb\u5f71\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u8996\u89ba\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1124\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1124\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e9869b76dbb409a6b9523c62e14ae3d7.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1124\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=1124\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e9869b76dbb409a6b9523c62e14ae3d7.jpg?fit=990%2C728&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"990,728\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"e9869b76dbb409a6b9523c62e14ae3d7\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e9869b76dbb409a6b9523c62e14ae3d7.jpg?fit=990%2C728&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1124 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e9869b76dbb409a6b9523c62e14ae3d7.jpg?resize=750%2C552&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"e9869b76dbb409a6b9523c62e14ae3d7\" width=\"750\" height=\"552\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1124\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u9b45\u5f71\u79c0\u3002\u00c9tienne-Gaspard Robert&#8217;s Phantasmagoria.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5982\u4ee5\u65e9\u671f\u9ed8\u7247\u5de8\u5320\u55ac\u6cbb\u2027\u6885\u91cc\u8449(Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s)\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a2\u8a0e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u96fb\u5f71\u8087\u751f\u4e4b\u969b\u8207\u7576\u6642\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\u9593\u7684\u805a\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u5c64\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u9b54\u8853\u5287\u5834\u3001\u7279\u6548\u651d\u5f71\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u6280\u8853\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u632a\u79fb\u7b49\u7570\u8cea\u5171\u751f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u517c\u8ac7\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u90fd\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u5a1b\u6a02\u5de5\u696d\u5982\u4f55\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u773e\u8072\u55a7\u5629\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8996\u89ba\u5be6\u8e10\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8207\u9130\u63a5\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u9ad4\u6709\u8457\u754c\u7dda\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6e38\u79fb\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4eca\u65e5\u6240\u8a8d\u77e5\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u591a\u6578\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u9996\u91cd\u5947\u89c0\u7684\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u6558\u4e8b\u5247\u70ba\u6b21\u8981\uff0c\u9019\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u5728\u7576\u6642\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u8208\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u8655\u5883\uff1a\u7a7f\u63d2\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7d9c\u85dd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u9a5a\u8277\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\"><strong>\u524d\u96fb\u5f71\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u9748\u5149<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u55ac\u6cbb\u2027\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u524d\u96fb\u5f71\u6642\u671f(pre-cinema era)\u4e4b\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f15\u9b42\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f4d\u5728\u65b0\u820a\u5a92\u9ad4\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u6298\u885d\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9b45\u5f71\u79c0(phantasmagoria)\u8207\u5e7b\u71c8\u79c0(magic lantern)\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u4ee5\u6295\u5f71\u88dd\u7f6e\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5149\u5f71\u8b8a\u5316\u6240\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u7684\u9b3c\u9b45\u822c\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u6f14\u8b8a\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u5287\u5834\uff0c\u5728\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7684\u93e1\u982d\u4e0b\u8f49\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u6a5f\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u5834\u9762\u8abf\u5ea6\uff0c\u7d93\u71df\u4e00\u7a2e\u756b\u677f\u5f0f(tableau)\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u7f8e\u5b78(the aesthetic of display)\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u51fa\u6cd5\u5f0f\u5947\u89c0\u5f71\u7247(cinema of attraction)\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u5149\u74b0\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u71b1\u92b7\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5169\u5cb8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u8207\u827e\u68ee\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u501a\u91cd\u93e1\u982d\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u526a\u8f2f\u5f35\u529b\uff0c\u96fb\u5f71\u81f3\u6b64\u671d\u5411\u9589\u9396\u6027\u3001\u805a\u5408\u5f0f\u6558\u4e8b\u767c\u5c55(cinema of narrative integration)\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u76f4\u5954\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u7e3d\u662f\u6148\u60b2\u53c8\u6b98\u9177\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u96fb\u5f71\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u62cb\u68c4\u5728\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u96fb\u5f71\u7279\u6548\u7684\u555f\u8499\u8207\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4ecd\u6216\u96b1\u6216\u986f\u5730\u6301\u7e8c\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u5f97\u5f9e1884\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4f86\u81ea\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u978b\u696d\u5c0f\u958b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u502b\u6566\u897f\u5340\u5287\u9662\u6d41\u9023\u5fd8\u8fd4\u8aaa\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1123\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1123\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/fondantes-01.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1123\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=1123\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/fondantes-01.jpg?fit=737%2C514&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"737,514\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"fondantes-01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/fondantes-01.jpg?fit=737%2C514&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1123 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/fondantes-01.jpg?resize=810%2C565&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"fondantes-01\" width=\"810\" height=\"565\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1123\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5e7b\u71c8\u79c0\u3002Magic lantern show, 1881\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u55ac\u6cbb\u2027\u6885\u91cc\u8449(Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s, 1861-1938)\u751f\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u7d93\u71df\u978b\u696d\u81f4\u5bcc\u7684\u6bb7\u5be6\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u5728\u4e09\u5144\u5f1f\u4e2d\u6392\u884c\u8001\u4e48\u3002\u7236\u89aa\u4e00\u76f4\u5e0c\u671b\u5152\u5b50\u5011\u80fd\u7e7c\u627f\u5bb6\u696d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57281884\u5e74\u5c07\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u9001\u5230\u502b\u6566\u9032\u4fee\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u70ba\u5c07\u4f86\u5728\u7576\u5730\u958b\u696d\u92ea\u8def\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bcc\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7121\u5fc3\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u7d93\u5e38\u62dc\u8a2a\u5287\u9662\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u897f\u5340(West End)\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7576\u6642\u6700\u8ca0\u76db\u540d\u7684\u9b54\u8853\u5287\u5834\u300c\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u300d(The Egyptian Hall)\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u555f\u8499\u5730\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u898b\u8b58\u98a8\u9761\u82f1\u502b\u89c0\u773e\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u5287\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5287\u9662\u71df\u904b\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u6f5b\u529b\u3002\u56de\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u672c\u8a72\u7e7c\u627f\u978b\u696d\u5de5\u5ee0\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\uff0c\u8b93\u6e21\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u63db\u5f97\u4e00\u5927\u7b46\u73fe\u91d1\u8cb7\u4e0b\u5287\u9662\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8eab\u517c\u71df\u904b\u8005\u3001\u5c0e\u6f14\u3001\u5e03\u666f\u5e2b\u3001\u53f0\u524d\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u9b54\u8853\u5e2b\uff0c\u9019\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u6b72\u3002\u5230\u4e861895\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u6b4c\u5287\u9662\u65c1\u4e00\u9593\u5496\u5561\u5ef3\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u88e1\uff0c\u898b\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u76e7\u7c73\u57c3\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u8a66\u6620\uff0c\u840c\u751f\u8ddf\u9032\u4e4b\u5ff5\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u62cd\u7247\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u7562\u751f\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e94\u767e\u90e8\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7559\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u3001\u7d93\u904e\u4fee\u5fa9\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u9084\u80fd\u6620\u6f14\u6216\u767c\u884c\u5f71\u789f\u7684\uff0c\u7d04\u6709\u5169\u767e\u90e8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u7247\u591a\u6578\u651d\u65bc\u5ba4\u5167\uff0c\u62cd\u7247\u5730\u9ede\u4f4d\u65bc\u5df4\u9ece\u8fd1\u90ca\u4e00\u9593\u4ed6\u6240\u81ea\u5efa\u7684\u7247\u5ee0\u3002\u9019\u68df\u5efa\u7269\u4ee5\u73bb\u7483\u8207\u92fc\u9435\u70ba\u4e3b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5916\u89c0\u8fd1\u4e4e\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5438\u7d0d\u6700\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u4ee5\u5229\u62cd\u651d\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u65bc1907\u5e74\u5728<strong><em>Les Vues Cin\u00e9matographique<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u4e00<\/strong>\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u8ff0\uff0c\u7247\u5834\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u4eff\u9020\u5287\u5834\u7d50\u69cb\u7d44\u88dd\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5730\u677f\u6d3b\u9580\u3001\u61f8\u540a\u5347\u964d\u3001\u6d3b\u52d5\u666f\u7247\u7b49\u7b49\u6a5f\u95dc\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u821e\u53f0\u6b63\u524d\u65b9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u5247\u67b6\u8a2d\u651d\u5f71\u6a5f\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u756b\u677f\u5f0f(tableau)\u7684\u651d\u88fd\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u5404\u7a2e\u62cd\u7247\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6210\u54c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5287\u5834\u6620\u6f14\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u552e\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u5287\u9662\u3001\u4ee5\u4f9b\u7a7f\u63d2\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u5287\u76ee\u4e2d\u64ad\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\"><strong>\u9748\u5a92\u8207\u6a5f\u95dc\uff1a\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u821e\u53f0\u7684\u9ed1\u9b54\u6cd5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u56de\u5230\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7684\u555f\u8499\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u5f8c\u671f\u7684\u502b\u6566\u897f\u5340\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u8208\u5a1b\u6a02\u7279\u5340\u3002\u90fd\u6703\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u8207\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u5287\u5834\u89c0\u773e\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u6210\u9577\u3002\u4f4d\u65bc\u76ae\u5361\u8fea\u5229\u5713\u74b0\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\uff0c\u582a\u7a31\u7576\u6642\u89c0\u770b\u9b54\u8853\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u9996\u9078\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u5e38\u99d0\u7684\u9b54\u8853\u5e2b\u6301\u7e8c\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u5287\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u9080\u8acb\u6b50\u6d32\u540d\u5bb6\u5230\u6b64\u5de1\u6f14\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8003\u8b49\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u57281884\u5e74\u53ef\u80fd\u89c0\u8cde\u904e\u7684\u5287\u76ee\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u7576\u6642\u520a\u767b\u7684\u5831\u7d19\u5ee3\u544a\u4e00\u7aba\u7aef\u502a\u3002\u73fe\u85cf\u5927\u82f1\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u7684\u5831\u7d19\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u767c\u884c\u65bc\u502b\u6566\u7684\u300a\u6668\u9593\u90f5\u5831\u300b(<strong><em>The Morning Post<\/em><\/strong>)\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u66fe\u7d93\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9019\u5247\u5ee3\u544a\uff1a\u300c\u9b54\u8853\u5e2b\u99ac\u57fa\u9023\u8207\u5eab\u514b\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\uff0c\u76ae\u5361\u8fea\u5229\uff0c\u5448\u73fe\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u3001\u7cbe\u91c7\u7d55\u502b\u7684\u5a1b\u6a02\u3002\u6bcf\u65e5\u6f14\u51fa\u5169\u5834\uff0c\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u9ede\u8207\u665a\u9593\u516b\u9ede\u3002\u7968\u50f9\u5f9e\u4e00\u5230\u4e94\u5148\u4ee4\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u7bc0\u76ee\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8b80\u5fc3\u8853\u3001\u9054\u51e1\u6ce2\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u964d\u9748\u6703\u3001\u9053\u5be7\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u964d\u9748\u6703\uff0c\u7576\u4e2d\u5c07\u5448\u73fe\u9ab7\u9acf\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u9a5a\u5947\u5275\u65b0\u3002\u5168\u5957\u7bc0\u76ee\u5c07\u70ba\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u502b\u6566\u6700\u4f73\u5a1b\u6a02\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u7d19\u300a\u6a19\u6e96\u5831\u300b(<strong><em>The Standard<\/em><\/strong>)\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u300c\u99ac\u57fa\u9023\u8207\u5eab\u514b\u7684\u590f\u5b63\u65b0\u7bc0\u76ee\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\uff0c\u5f9e\u982d\u5230\u5c3e\u7d55\u7121\u51b7\u5834\uff01\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u9ede\u958b\u6f14\uff0c\u9022\u5468\u4e8c\u3001\u56db\u3001\u516d\u52a0\u958b\u665a\u9593\u516b\u9ede\u5834\u3002\u7bc0\u76ee\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6c38\u751f\u9748\u85e5\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u8207\u8179\u8a9e\u8853\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u98a8\u7434\u3001\u9583\u96fb\u7d20\u63cf\u3001\u9053\u5be7\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u964d\u9748\u6703\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1120\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1120\" style=\"width: 792px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-13.png?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1120\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=1120\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-13.png?fit=751%2C251&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"751,251\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"%e5%9c%96%e7%89%87-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-13.png?fit=751%2C251&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1120 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-13.png?resize=792%2C264&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"%e5%9c%96%e7%89%87-1\" width=\"792\" height=\"264\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1120\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">1884\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u5728\u300a\u6668\u9593\u90f5\u5831\u300b\u520a\u767b\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5f9e\u9019\u5169\u5247\u5ee3\u544a\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u7bc0\u76ee\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u5169\u5927\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6a5f\u95dc\u88dd\u7f6e\u300d\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u964d\u9748\u6703\u7684\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6a5f\u95dc\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u642d\u914d\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u5448\u73fe\u9748\u7570\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9ab7\u9871\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u9b45\u5f71\u79c0\u7684\u907a\u7dd2\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7bc0\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u3008\u9054\u51e1\u6ce2\u5144\u5f1f\u964d\u9748\u6703\u3009\u8207\u3008\u9583\u96fb\u7d20\u63cf\u3009\u66fe\u88ab\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u63a1\u7528\u70ba\u5f71\u7247\u984c\u6750\uff0c\u800c\u9ab7\u9871\u66f4\u662f\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u7247\u4e2d\u3002\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u7684\u7bc0\u76ee\u6216\u8a31\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7684\u9748\u611f\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7bc0\u76ee\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u82f1\u502b\u9020\u6210\u8f5f\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u6b50\u9678\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u901a\u5de1\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7121\u53ef\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u53d6\u6750\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u7576\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5f71\u7247\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u4e26\u975e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u7247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9b54\u8853\u3001\u96dc\u6280\u3001\u82ad\u857e\u7b49\u821e\u53f0\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6b63\u662f\u6cbf\u7528\u539f\u672c\u5df2\u88ab\u89c0\u773e\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u9b54\u8853\u5287\u76ee\uff0c\u532f\u5165\u96fb\u5f71\u6280\u5de7\u52a0\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u518d\u5275\u9a5a\u5947\u3002\u610f\u5373\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6232\u6cd5(trick)\uff0c\u5728\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6a5f\u95dc\u8f49\u63db\u3001\u6f14\u54e1\u8d70\u4f4d\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u96fb\u5f71\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5247\u900f\u904e\u651d\u5f71\u6280\u5de7\u8207\u526a\u8f2f\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u5287\u5834\u5230\u96fb\u5f71\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u66f4\u66ff\uff0c\u5728\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u9019\u4e00\u4f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u66f4\u66ff\uff0c\u96a8\u4e4b\u727d\u52d5\u7f8e\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u3002\u6211\u5011\u518d\u8209\u4e00\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u5c0d\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\uff0c\u53ef\u5f9e\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0b\u5217\u5169\u5f35\u6d77\u5831\u5f97\u898b\u3002\u5de6\u908a\u662f\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u4e00\u5834\u65ac\u9996\u79c0\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u6d77\u5831\uff0c\u53f3\u908a\u662f\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u65bc\u7f85\u4f2f\u80e1\u4e39\u5287\u9662\u6240\u4e0a\u6f14\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u7bc0\u76ee\u3002\u5169\u5f35\u6d77\u5831\u7684\u69cb\u5716\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8996\u89ba\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u624b\u8d77\u5200\u843d\u3001\u8eab\u9996\u7570\u8655\u7684\u9a5a\u99ed\u4e00\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1121\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1121\" style=\"width: 803px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-14.png?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1121\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=1121\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-14.png?fit=718%2C493&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"718,493\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"%e5%9c%96%e7%89%87-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-14.png?fit=718%2C493&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1121 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/e59c96e78987-14.png?resize=803%2C551&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"%e5%9c%96%e7%89%87-1\" width=\"803\" height=\"551\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1121\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5de6\u5716\u662f\u57c3\u53ca\u5ef3\u4e00\u5834\u65ac\u9996\u79c0\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u6d77\u5831\u3002\u53f3\u5716\u662f\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u65bc\u7f85\u4f2f\u80e1\u4e39\u5287\u9662\u6240\u4e0a\u6f14\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u7bc0\u76ee\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u65ac\u9996\u79c0\u7684\u6232\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u656c\u8acb\u671f\u5f85\u300a\u9b3c\u5f71\u5e62\u5e62\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff1a\u4ee5\u6885\u91cc\u8449\u4f5c\u54c1\u770b\u65e9\u671f\u96fb\u5f71\u8207\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff0c\u8b0e\u5e95\u5373\u5c07\u63ed\u66c9\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> <em>The Morning Post<\/em>\u00a0(London, England), Wednesday, January 02, 1884; pg. [1]; Issue 34797. Source: 19th Century British Library Newspapers: Part II.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>The Standard<\/em>\u00a0(London, England), Saturday, August 23, 1884; pg. [1]; Issue 18754. Source: 19th Century British Library Newspapers: Part II.<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1122\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=1122\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/0001-3-e1487129103425.jpg?fit=1719%2C631&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1719,631\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0001-3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" 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