{"id":12035,"date":"2022-04-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=12035"},"modified":"2022-04-01T23:05:41","modified_gmt":"2022-04-01T15:05:41","slug":"%e9%97%9c%e6%96%bc%e6%99%9a%e6%b8%85%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%b1%e5%83%8f%e6%95%98%e4%ba%8b%ef%bc%9a%e7%ab%8b%e9%ab%94%e7%85%a7%e8%88%87%e5%88%a9%e5%8d%a1%e7%88%be%e9%a0%93%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%ad%e5%9c%8b%e8%88%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=12035","title":{"rendered":"\u95dc\u65bc\u665a\u6e05\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u6558\u4e8b\uff1a\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u8207\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u820a\u5f71\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6587\uff0f\u5f35\u7dad\u664f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u88f9\u8457\u539a\u5be6\u7684\u5bec\u895f\u5927\u8896\u9577\u888d\uff0c\u4e00\u6d3e\u6a19\u6e96\u65d7\u88dd\uff0c\u670d\u98fe\u4e0a\u7db4\u6709\u9bae\u660e\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u7e61\u82b1\u5152\uff0c\u76e4\u8457\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u4e8c\u628a\u982d\u300d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u65d7\u9afb\uff0c\u5169\u5074\u7c2a\u4e86\u9ad8\u8abf\u982d\u82b1\uff0c\u8173\u8e29\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u82b1\u76c6\u5e95\u978b\uff08\u65d7\u978b\uff09\u3002\u6123\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u50cf\u6975\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u6e05\u5bae\u5287\u5287\u7167\uff01\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5716\u4e2d\u5a66\u5973\u5011\u7684\u81c9\u4e0a\u53ef\u6c92\u5b2a\u5983\u5bae\u5973\u7684\u96cd\u5bb9\u9592\u9069\u3002\u5979\u5011\u986f\u5f97\u76f8\u7576\u5e73\u5be6\u3001\u63a5\u5730\u6c23\uff0c\u6273\u8457\u6084\u7121\u8072\u606f\u7684\u75b2\u614b\u8207\u6101\u5bb9\u3002\u3010\u57161\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/stereo.1s19456\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"529\" data-attachment-id=\"12046\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=12046\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c961efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae688b4e89197e585b8e59e8be79a84e9a0ade9a3bee79a84e4b880e7bea4e6bbbfe6978fe5a9a6e5a5b3e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b4efbc8ce7ab8be9ab94e785a7e38082efbc88e7be8.jpg?fit=1024%2C529&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,529\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u57161\uff5cJames Ricalton\uff0c\u300a\u6234\u8457\u5178\u578b\u7684\u982d\u98fe\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u6eff\u65cf\u5a66\u5973\u300b\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u3002\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\uff09\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c961efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae688b4e89197e585b8e59e8be79a84e9a0ade9a3bee79a84e4b880e7bea4e6bbbfe6978fe5a9a6e5a5b3e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b4efbc8ce7ab8be9ab94e785a7e38082efbc88e7be8.jpg?fit=1024%2C529&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c961efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae688b4e89197e585b8e59e8be79a84e9a0ade9a3bee79a84e4b880e7bea4e6bbbfe6978fe5a9a6e5a5b3e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b4efbc8ce7ab8be9ab94e785a7e38082efbc88e7be8.jpg?resize=1024%2C529&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12046\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u3010\u57161\u3011\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\uff0c\u300a\u6234\u8457\u5178\u578b\u7684\u982d\u98fe\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u6eff\u65cf\u5a66\u5973\u300b\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5a66\u5973\u90fd\u662f\u6eff\u65cf\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u5979\u5011\u5728\u516b\u570b\u806f\u8ecd\u5317\u5e73\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u820a\u7a31\uff09\u53d7\u570d\u56f0\u6642\uff0c\u5f9e\u502b\u6566\u6559\u6703\u6578\u767e\u500b\u907f\u96e3\u64da\u9ede\u88ab\u5e36\u8d70\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6559\u6703\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u8207\u6559\u5802\u7686\u56e0\u6230\u706b\u6bc0\u65bc\u795d\u878d\u3002\u64da\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u672c\u4eba\u8a18\u6558\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u8eab\u8655\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u539f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8001\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u6559\u6703\u548c\u7121\u5bb6\u53ef\u6b78\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u6240\u4f54\u64da\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u300a\u6234\u8457\u5178\u578b\u7684\u982d\u98fe\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u6eff\u65cf\u5a66\u5973\u300b\uff08<em>A group of Manchu women with typical head-dress at the London Mission, Peking, China<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u5169\u5f35\u76f8\u540c\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u89d2\u5ea6\u7a0d\u5fae\u504f\u79fb\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e26\u7f6e\u800c\u6210\uff1b\u7167\u7247\u651d\u65bc1900\u5e74\uff0c\u6642\u503c\u91cd\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u3002\u6b64\u4f5c\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\uff08James Ricalton, 1844-1929\uff09\u6240\u62cd\u651d\u3002\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4f4d\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u57281891\u5e74\u6bc5\u7136\u8fad\u53bb\u6559\u8077\uff0c\u8f49\u884c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u540d\u5c08\u696d\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u3001\u6230\u5730\u8a18\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u57281900\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u8e0f\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u9019\u584a\u571f\u5730\u30021899\u5e74\u81f31901\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u752b\u7d50\u675f\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7fa4\u5cf6\u4e00\u6574\u5e74\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u8a66\u5716\u85c9\u300c\u7f8e\u897f\u6230\u722d\u300d\uff08Spanish-American War\uff09\u812b\u96e2\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a34\u6c42\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7f8e\u65b9\u5728\u64ca\u9000\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f8c\u537b\u4ee52000\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u53d6\u5f97\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u4eba\u6c11\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5f48\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u8ecd\u56e0\u800c\u8207\u7f8e\u8ecd\u5ba3\u6230\uff0c\u6b64\u70ba\u300c\u7f8e\u83f2\u6230\u722d\u300d\uff081899-1902\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u8eab\u8655\u524d\u7dda\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5442\u5b8b\u3001\u73ed\u4e43\u5cf6\u53ca\u5bbf\u9727\u62cd\u651d\u4e86\u5e7e\u8fd1\u4e00\u5343\u4e5d\u767e\u591a\u5f35\u5e95\u7247\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u7522\u696d\u666f\u89c0\uff0c\u662f\u4f4d\u591a\u7522\u7684\uff08\u6230\u5730\uff09\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff08\u8a18\u8005\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\uff08stereograph\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u85c9\u5149\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u300c\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u300d\uff08stereoscope\uff09\u4f86\u89c0\u8cde\u3002\u3010\u57162\u3011\u900f\u904e\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u5169\u5f35\u7565\u5fae\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5716\u7247\u5728\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u5e73\u9762\u5716\u50cf\u7522\u751f3D\u822c\u7acb\u9ad4\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u76843D\u5f71\u50cf\u5148\u9a45\u3002<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nga.gov\/collection\/art-object-page.26959.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4096\" height=\"3241\" data-attachment-id=\"12047\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=12047\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c962efbd9ccarl-buergernissefbc8ce3808ae7ab8be9ab94e98fa1e3808befbc8c1940e5b9b4e4bba3efbc8ce6b0b4e5bda9e38081e79fb3e5a2a8e38081e889b2e9899be7ad86efbc8c36.5-c397-45.6e585ace58886e38082e.jpg?fit=4096%2C3241&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4096,3241\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u57162\uff5cCarl Buergerniss\uff0c\u300a\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u300b\uff0c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6c34\u5f69\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u8272\u925b\u7b46\uff0c36.5 \u00d7 45.6\u516c\u5206\u3002\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u85cf\uff0cThe National Gallery of Art\uff09\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c962efbd9ccarl-buergernissefbc8ce3808ae7ab8be9ab94e98fa1e3808befbc8c1940e5b9b4e4bba3efbc8ce6b0b4e5bda9e38081e79fb3e5a2a8e38081e889b2e9899be7ad86efbc8c36.5-c397-45.6e585ace58886e38082e.jpg?fit=1024%2C810&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c962efbd9ccarl-buergernissefbc8ce3808ae7ab8be9ab94e98fa1e3808befbc8c1940e5b9b4e4bba3efbc8ce6b0b4e5bda9e38081e79fb3e5a2a8e38081e889b2e9899be7ad86efbc8c36.5-c397-45.6e585ace58886e38082e.jpg?resize=4096%2C3241&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12047\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u3010\u57162\u3011\u8a72\u5716\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5361\u723e\uff0e\u4f2f\u683c\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Carl Buergerniss\uff0c1877-1956\uff09\u6240\u7e6a\u4e4b\u8001\u970d\u59c6\u65af\u57281860\u5e74\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u3002\u4f2f\u683c\u5c3c\u65af\uff0c\u300a\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u300b\uff0c1940\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6c34\u5f69\u3001\u77f3\u58a8\u3001\u8272\u925b\u7b46\uff0c36.5 \u00d7 45.6\u516c\u5206\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u85cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u300c\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u300d\u662f\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u535a\u5b78\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ca\u767c\u660e\u5bb6\u60e0\u65af\u767b\u7235\u58eb\uff08Charles Wheatstone, 1802-1875\uff09\u57281832\u5e74\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1838 \u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u767c\u8868\u3002\u5176\u8ad6\u6587\u3008\u5c0d\u8996\u89ba\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u96d9\u76ee\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u986f\u8457\u4e14\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u672a\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3009<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a> \u4e2d\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u95e1\u8ff0\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e26\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u7576\u539f\u672c\u6253\u7b97\u7531\u53f3\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u7684\u5de6\u5074\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u672c\u6253\u7b97\u8b93\u5de6\u773c\u770b\u898b\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5176\u53f3\u5074\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u5947\u7279\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u80fd\u898b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4e09\u7dad\u5716\u5f62\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u8ff0\u6d6e\u96d5\u4e2d\u6240\u898b\u90a3\u6a23\u986f\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u8207\u5716\u7d19\u4f4d\u65bc\u9069\u7576\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6642\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5f62\u614b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5c31\u5728\u60e0\u65af\u767b\u767c\u8868\u5176\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\uff0c\u9694\u5e74\uff081839\uff09\u6cd5\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u9054\u84cb\u723e\uff08Louis&nbsp;Daguerre, 1787-1851\uff09\u4fbf\u56e0\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u300c\u9054\u84cb\u723e\u9280\u7248\u651d\u5f71\u6cd5\u300d\uff08Daguerreotype\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u544a\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u800c\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\uff1b\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5148\u9a45\u5854\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\uff08William Henry&nbsp;Fox Talbot, 1800-1877\uff09\u4e5f\u5411\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u63d0\u51fa\u5229\u7528\u5149\u5728\u7d19\u4e0a\u6210\u50cf\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u67d0\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\u53f2\u642d\u8457\u5149\u5b78\uff08Optics\uff09\u7684\u5217\u8eca\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u660e\u8ecc\u9053\u4e0a\u75be\u99db\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/ppmsca.19677\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12048\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=12048\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c963efbd9ce3808ae58aa0e588a9e7a68fe5b0bce4ba9ee9a2a8e699afe791b0e5afb6efbc9ae794b1e9a997e58589e5b8ablawrence-houseworthe68b8de6949de58f8ae587bae78988e79a84e699afe8a780e59c96e98c84e380.jpg?fit=704%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"704,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u57163\uff5c\u300a\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9e\u98a8\u666f\u7470\u5bf6\uff1a\u7531\u9a57\u5149\u5e2bLawrence &amp;amp; Houseworth\u62cd\u651d\u53ca\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u666f\u89c0\u5716\u9304\u300b\u5c01\u9762\uff0c1866\u5e74\uff0c\u7248\u756b\u3002\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\uff0cThe Library of Congress\uff09\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c963efbd9ce3808ae58aa0e588a9e7a68fe5b0bce4ba9ee9a2a8e699afe791b0e5afb6efbc9ae794b1e9a997e58589e5b8ablawrence-houseworthe68b8de6949de58f8ae587bae78988e79a84e699afe8a780e59c96e98c84e380.jpg?fit=704%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c963efbd9ce3808ae58aa0e588a9e7a68fe5b0bce4ba9ee9a2a8e699afe791b0e5afb6efbc9ae794b1e9a997e58589e5b8ablawrence-houseworthe68b8de6949de58f8ae587bae78988e79a84e699afe8a780e59c96e98c84e380.jpg?resize=490%2C712&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12048\" width=\"490\" height=\"712\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u3010\u57163\u3011\u5c01\u9762\u5716\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u6b63\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a31\u70ba\u300cBrewster-type\u300d\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u89c0\u8cde\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u3002\u300a\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9e\u98a8\u666f\u7470\u5bf6\uff1a\u7531\u9a57\u5149\u5e2bLawrence &amp; Houseworth\u62cd\u651d\u53ca\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u666f\u89c0\u5716\u9304\u300b\u5c01\u9762\uff0c1866\u5e74\uff0c\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u8207\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u57281850\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de6\u53f3\u958b\u59cb\u851a\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u572819\u4e16\u7d0050\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f62\u6210\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002\u3010\u57163\u3011\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u751f\u8001\u970d\u59c6\u65af\uff08Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1809-1894\uff09\u5c31\u66fe\u5728\u3008\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u548c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u3009\uff08<em>The Stereoscope and the Stereograph<\/em>, 1859\uff09\u4e2d\u8ac7\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f7f\u8868\u9762\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u7acb\u9ad4\u7684\u5100\u5668\u3002\u6240\u6709\u900f\u8996\u548c\u660e\u6697\u8655\u7406\u5f97\u7576\u7684\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u90fd\u6709\u7acb\u9ad4\u611f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u904e\u9019\u500b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6548\u679c\u88ab\u76f8\u7576\u5730\u5f37\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u8c61\u4ee5\u5176\u8868\u9762\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u6b3a\u9a19\u4e86\u611f\u5b98\u3002<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u5c07\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u8996\u70ba\u8a0e\u559c\u7684\u73a9\u5177\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u7167\u7247\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u5947\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u2026\u2026<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7e7c19\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u897f\u65b9\u5217\u5f37\u7684\u4fb5\u83ef\u884c\u52d5\uff08\u9d09\u7247\u6230\u722d\u53ca\u8af8\u591a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u689d\u7d04\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c1900\u5e74\u516b\u570b\u806f\u8ecd\u633e\u96f7\u9706\u4e4b\u52e2\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u628a\u5c79\u7acb\u5343\u5e74\u6771\u65b9\u53e4\u570b\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\u5543\u98df\u6b86\u76e1\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u9ad8\u8209\u93ae\u58d3\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u4e4b\u4e82\u7684\u65d7\u5e5f\uff0c\u5f35\u63da\u5730\u5165\u4e3b\u5e1d\u90fd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5404\u570b\u5fc3\u61f7\u9b3c\u80ce\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u81f4\u4fe1\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u9019\u500b\u9a55\u50b2\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u81e3\u670d\u65bc\uff08\u897f\u65b9\u7684\uff09\u6587\u660e\u8207\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u96a8\u8ecd\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u5011\u5145\u7576\u4e86\u6230\u5730\u8a18\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u300c\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u6210\u70ba\u5217\u5f37\u70ab\u8000\u300c\u52dd\u5229\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6210\u5c31\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9060\u5f81\u300d\u7684\u76f4\u89c0\u7d00\u9304\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u521d\u4ee3\u8d74\u83ef\u897f\u6d0b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff0c\u5982\u83f2\u5229\u65af\u6bd4\u6258\uff08Felice Beato, 1832-1909\uff09\u548c\u7d04\u7ff0\uff0e\u6e6f\u59c6\u751f\uff08John Thompson, 1837-1921\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u6578\u91cf\u8207\u6d3b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\u90fd\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u525b\u840c\u751f\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6280\u8853\u8207\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u4ecd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u963b\u7919\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\u81ea\u767c\u5c55\u4ee5\u4f86\u5df2\u903e\u4e00\u7532\u5b50\u591a\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u66f4\u591a\u958b\u6e2f\u3001\u7981\u4ee4\u89e3\u9664\u3001\u76f8\u6a5f\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b50\u9678\u74b0\u904a\u4e16\u754c\u98a8\u6f6e\u65b9\u8208\uff0c\u5404\u985e\u578b\u300c\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u300d\u4f86\u83ef\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u7684\u662f\u65c5\u4eba\u3001\u6709\u7684\u53d7\u96c7\u65bc\u8ecd\u65b9\u6216\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u6216\u696d\u9918\u4eba\u58eb\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u6a5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[6]<\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2004681148\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12049\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=12049\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c964efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae79a87e5a4aae5908ee89995e79086e5a496e59c8be4ba8be58b99e79a84e9a1a7e5958fefbc8ce7b8bde79086e8a199e99680e79a84e68890e593a1e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b4efbc8.jpg?fit=592%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"592,640\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u57164\uff5cJames Ricalton\uff0c\u300a\u7687\u592a\u540e\u8655\u7406\u5916\u570b\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u7e3d\u7406\u8859\u9580\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u300b\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u3002\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\uff09\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c964efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae79a87e5a4aae5908ee89995e79086e5a496e59c8be4ba8be58b99e79a84e9a1a7e5958fefbc8ce7b8bde79086e8a199e99680e79a84e68890e593a1e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b4efbc8.jpg?fit=592%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c964efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae79a87e5a4aae5908ee89995e79086e5a496e59c8be4ba8be58b99e79a84e9a1a7e5958fefbc8ce7b8bde79086e8a199e99680e79a84e68890e593a1e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b4efbc8.jpg?resize=582%2C629&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12049\" width=\"582\" height=\"629\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u3010\u57164\u3011\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\uff0c\u300a\u7687\u592a\u540e\u8655\u7406\u5916\u570b\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u7e3d\u7406\u8859\u9580\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u300b\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u300a\u7687\u592a\u540e\u8655\u7406\u5916\u570b\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u9867\u554f\uff0c\u7e3d\u7406\u8859\u9580\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u300b\uff08<em>The empress dowager&#8217;s counsellors in dealings with the powers &#8211; members of the Tsung-li Yamen, Peking, China<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57164\u3011\u900f\u904e\u93e1\u982d\u7121\u8072\u5730\u50b3\u905e\u8457\u6e05\u5e1d\u570b\u653f\u7d93\u5c40\u52e2\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u5b98\u54e1\u96b8\u5c6c\u7e3d\u7406\u8859\u9580\uff0c\u524d\u65b9\u5750\u8457\u4e00\u4f4d\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5b98\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u6975\u5177\u5831\u5c0e\u6027\u69cb\u5716\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u5f37\u8abf\u665a\u6e05\u5b98\u54e1\u670d\u98fe\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff08\u9802\u6234\u82b1\u7fce\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u7269\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7de8\u6392\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e43\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u6709\u610f\u70ba\u4e4b\u3002\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4e0d\u6703\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u5e3d\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7fbd\u6bdb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u500b\u986f\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u9032\u884c\u90e8\u5206\u8f49\u8eab\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f60\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u5167\u653f\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u7e3d\u7406\u8859\u9580\u6210\u54e1\u3002<\/span>\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[7]<\/a> \u7531\u65bc\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\u589e\u958b\u3001\u5404\u570b\u516c\u4f7f\u99d0\u4eac\uff0c\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e8b\u52d9\u7e41\u7463\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u6a5f\u69cb\u4f86\u56e0\u61c9\u6642\u5c40\uff0c\u54b8\u8c5011\u5e74\uff081861\uff09\u521d\u8a2d\u7e3d\u7406\u8859\u9580\uff08\u5168\u7a31\u300c\u7e3d\u7406\u5404\u570b\u4e8b\u52d9\u8859\u9580\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7a31\u300c\u7e3d\u7406\u5404\u570b\u901a\u5546\u4e8b\u52d9\u8859\u9580\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u552f\u6050\u8077\u6b0a\u53d7\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u53d6\u6d88\u300c\u901a\u5546\u300d\u4e8c\u5b57\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/94505471\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"533\" data-attachment-id=\"12050\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=12050\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c965efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae69d8ee9b4bbe7aba0efbc8ce4b8ade59c8be69c80e58189e5a4a7e79a84e694bfe6b2bbe5aeb6e59ca8e4bb96e5a4a9e6b4a5e79a84e8a199e99680e8a3a1e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b.jpg?fit=1024%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,533\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1550772216&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u57165\uff5cJames Ricalton\uff0c\u300a\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u4ed6\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u8859\u9580\u88e1\u300b\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u3002\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\uff09\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c965efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae69d8ee9b4bbe7aba0efbc8ce4b8ade59c8be69c80e58189e5a4a7e79a84e694bfe6b2bbe5aeb6e59ca8e4bb96e5a4a9e6b4a5e79a84e8a199e99680e8a3a1e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b.jpg?fit=1024%2C533&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/e59c965efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae69d8ee9b4bbe7aba0efbc8ce4b8ade59c8be69c80e58189e5a4a7e79a84e694bfe6b2bbe5aeb6e59ca8e4bb96e5a4a9e6b4a5e79a84e8a199e99680e8a3a1e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b.jpg?resize=1024%2C533&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12050\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\u3010\u57165\u3011\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\uff0c\u300a\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5728\u4ed6\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u8859\u9580\u88e1\u300b\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u85cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u8096\u50cf\u62cd\u651d\u6b0a\uff0c\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u662f\u4f4d\u6975\u5176\u5e78\u904b\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u3010\u57165\u3011\u900f\u904e\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u91ab\u7642\u9867\u554f\u5e15\u514b\u65af\u91ab\u751f\uff08Dr. Parks\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u5f97\u4ee5\u8a2a\u5176\u5e9c\u8859\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u674e\u540c\u610f\u5728\u7fcc\u65e5\u63a5\u53d7\u62cd\u651d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u5728\u7d04\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u548c\u85f9\u53ef\u89aa\u7684\u5e15\u514b\u65af\u91ab\u751f\u6703\u898b\u4e86\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u5230\u8859\u9580\u9078\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u9662\u843d\u88e1\u5149\u7dda\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8b93\u50d5\u4eba\u628a\u9019\u500b\u9472\u5d4c\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u684c\u51e0\u548c\u4ed6\u5750\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u642c\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u7576\u651d\u50cf\u6a5f\u5c31\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6e96\u5099\u5c31\u7dd2\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f8d\u5f9e\u5f97\u5230\u793a\u610f\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u4ed6\uff08\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\uff09\u4fbf\u4e58\u5750\u5728\u5176\u5b98\u6905\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u5176\u623f\u9593\u88ab\u5e36\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u96a8\u5f9e\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\u8d70\u5230\u4f60\u6240\u898b\u5230\u7684\u4ed6\u7684\u9019\u5f35\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5e36\u8457\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u5fae\u7b11\u5411\u6211\u5011\u6253\u62db\u547c\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u5e15\u514b\u65af\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u81ea\u5982\u5730\u8207\u6211\u5011\u4ea4\u8ac7\u3002<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7576\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u60f3\u8acb\u674e\u812b\u53bb\u5e3d\u5b50\uff0c\u70ba\u4ed6\u62cd\u651d\u4e00\u5f35\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u91ab\u751f\u8f49\u8ff0\u4e26\u66ff\u4ed6\u5378\u5e3d\uff0c\u6b64\u8209\u60f9\u5f97\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u767c\u7b11\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u8aaa\u300c\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u62ff\u6211\u7684\u5149\u982d\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u300d\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u5728\u5176\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7d30\u81a9\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u674e\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7a7f\u6234\u3001\u60c5\u614b\u3001\u50a2\u5177\u64fa\u8a2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5b57\u88e1\u884c\u9593\u4e0d\u96e3\u770b\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u674e\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u76f8\u7576\u9ad8\u3002\u8eab\u70ba\u665a\u6e05\u6d0b\u52d9\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u674e\u5c0d\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u548c\u6d0b\u73a9\u610f\u5152\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u76f8\u5c0d\u958b\u653e\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u665a\u6e05\u540d\u81e3\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u674e\u9d3b\u7ae0\u662f\u7559\u4e0b\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u5c11\u8096\u50cf\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u674e\u5df2\u81f3\u66ae\u5e74\uff0c\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u62cd\u4e0b\u4e86\u9019\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u50b3\u5947\u5de8\u64d8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u6b64\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u62cd\u651d\u5f8c\u9694\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u674e\u4fbf\u75c5\u91cd\u8fad\u4e16\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u665a\u6e05\u4e2d\u570b\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u90fd\u662f\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u9019\u5834\u4e2d\u570b\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f\u5728\u651d\u5f71\u53f2\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5c0f\u89b7\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u53ca\u5149\u5b78\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u7576\u4ee3AR\u3001VR\u986f\u5b78\uff0c\u5f9e\u5e73\u9762\u3001\u7acb\u9ad4\u932f\u89ba\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u865b\u64ec\u5be6\u5883\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u63a2\u7d22\u8996\u89ba\u754c\u9650\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u5f9e\u7121\u6975\u9650\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8b70\u984c\u8207\u6280\u8853\u6587\u660e\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u300d\uff08reality\uff09\u8207\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\uff08truth\uff09\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6027\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u67d0\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u507d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7f8e\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u537b\u8017\u8cbb\u7121\u6578\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u5927\u9ad4\u722c\u68b3\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u6642\u4ee3\u767c\u5c55\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u4e0b\u7bc7\u5c07\u6301\u7e8c\u63a2\u8a0e\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u8001\u7167\u7247\u8207\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> James Ricalton, <em>China Through<\/em><em>&nbsp;the&nbsp;Stereoscope: A&nbsp;Journey Through&nbsp;the&nbsp;Dragon Empire&nbsp;at the&nbsp;Time&nbsp;of the&nbsp;Boxer&nbsp;Uprising<\/em> (New York &amp; London: Underwood &amp; Underwood, 1901).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[2]<\/a> \u66ab\u8b6f\uff1b\u539f\u6587\u7bc7\u540d\u70ba\uff1a\u201cContributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part the First. On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[3]<\/a> \u201cA very singular effect is produced when the drawing originally intended to be seen by the right eye is placed at the left hand side of the stereoscope, and that designed to be seen by the left eye is placed on its right hand side. A figure of three dimensions, as bold in relief as before, is perceived, but it has a different form from that which is seen when the drawings are in their proper places.\u201d In Charles Wheatstone, \u201cContributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part the First. On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision,\u201d <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London<\/em> Vol. 128 (1838), p. 377.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[4]<\/a> \u201cA stereoscope is an instrument which makes surfaces look solid. All pictures in which perspective and light and shade are properly managed, have more or less of the effect of solidity; but by this instrument that effect is so heightened as to produce an appearance of reality which cheats the senses with its seeming truth.\u201d In Oliver Wendell Holmes, <em>Soundings from the Atlantic<\/em> (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1864), p. 140.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[5]<\/a> \u201cWe are looking into stereoscopes as pretty toys, and wondering over the photograph as a charming novelty\u2026.\u201d In Oliver Wendell Holmes,<em> Soundings from the Atlantic<\/em>, p. 165.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[6]<\/a> \u5357\u7121\u54c0\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u65b9\u7167\u76f8\u8a18\uff1a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u897f\u65b9\u91cd\u8981\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u300b\uff08\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u548c\uff0c2017\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[7]<\/a> \u201cI hope you will not fail to notice the fine feathers in their caps, because I swung two of these dignitaries partially around that you might see them. These are important men in Chinese affairs; they are members of the newly organized Board.\u201d In James Ricalton, <em>China Through<\/em><em>&nbsp;the&nbsp;Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 353.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[8]<\/a> \u674e\u7406\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b98\u5236\u8207\u670d\u98fe\u300b\uff08\u700b\u967d\uff1a\u907c\u5be7\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\uff09\uff0c\u9801160-162\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[9]<\/a> \u201cAt the hour appointed we were met by the genial Dr. Parks, who, as soon as I had chosen a well-lighted part of this court in the Yamen, had servants bring out this finely inlaid stand and the chair in which he sits. When cameras were placed in position and everything in perfect readiness, his chair-bearers were notified and he was brought from his rooms in his official chair and assisted by his attendants to the chair in which you see him. He greeted us with a pleasant smile and spoke to us freely through Dr. Parks as interpreter.\u201d In James Ricalton, <em>China Through<\/em><em>&nbsp;the&nbsp;Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 248.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">1. \u674e\u7406\uff0c\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u5b98\u5236\u8207\u670d\u98fe\u300b\uff0c\u700b\u967d\uff1a\u907c\u5be7\u6c11\u65cf\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">2. \u5357\u7121\u54c0\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u65b9\u7167\u76f8\u8a18\uff1a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u897f\u65b9\u91cd\u8981\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u300b\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u548c\uff0c2017\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">3. \u3014\u7f8e\u3015\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\uff08James Ricalton\uff09\uff1b\u5f90\u6587\u5b87\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a1900\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7167\u7247\u65e5\u8a18\u300b\uff0c\u798f\u5efa\uff1a\u798f\u5efa\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">4. Christopher J. Lucas. <em>James Ricalton&#8217;s Photographs of China During the Boxer Rebellion: His Illustrated Travelogue of 1900<\/em>. Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press, 1990.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">5. Charles Wheatstone. \u201cContributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part the First. On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision.\u201d <em>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London<\/em> 128 (1838): 371-394.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">6. James Ricalton. <em>China Through<\/em><em>the&nbsp;Stereoscope: A&nbsp;Journey Through&nbsp;the&nbsp;Dragon Empire&nbsp;at the&nbsp;Time&nbsp;of the&nbsp;Boxer&nbsp;Uprising<\/em>. New York &amp; London: Underwood &amp; Underwood, 1901.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">7. Oliver Wendell Holmes. <em>Soundings from the Atlantic<\/em>. Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1864.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">8. Underwood &amp; Underwood. <em>The United States of America through the Stereoscope<\/em>. 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