\u6211\u5011\u773c\u524d\u7684\u666f\u50cf\u662f\u7e41\u5fd9\u8857\u9053\u7684\u5178\u578b\u666f\u89c0\u3002\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6beb\u7121\u4e00\u9ede\u5a1b\u6a02\u6d88\u9063\u4e4b\u5473\uff1b\u9019\u88e1\u6709\u8ce3\u5404\u7a2e\u7a00\u5947\u53e4\u602a\u4e14\u9060\u8d85\u51fa\u897f\u65b9\u5eda\u5e2b\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u98df\u54c1\u6524\u4f4d\u3002\u8857\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u500b\u9732\u5929\u9910\u5ef3\uff1b\u6709\u6728\u6876\u3001\u934b\u7897\u74e2\u76c6\u3001\u76db\u7c73\u7684\u7c43\u5b50\u3001\u76db\u6c34\u679c\u7684\u5668\u76bf\uff0c\u6211\u9084\u8a8d\u51fa\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c34\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5927\u67ff\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u770b\u898b\u70d8\u7119\u5e2b\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u9eb5\u7c89\uff1b\u82e5\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7c73\u7c89\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u7528\u9014\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u986f\u5f97\u908b\u9062\uff0c\u8863\u886b\u8964\u8938\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u672c\u4f86\u5373\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u2014\u2014\u6c92\u6d17\u904e\u6fa1\u4e14\u84ec\u982d\u57a2\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5e6b\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u8eab\u8457\u6eab\u6696\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u5916\u88f9\u7d4e\u7e2b\u5927\u8863\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u90fd\u7a7f\u8457\u978b\u5b50\u548c\u9577\u896a\u3002<\/span>[1]<\/a><\/p>\n \u4e2d\u570b\u5404\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u76f8\u8c8c\u6709\u8457\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff1b\u64da\u8aaa\u5317\u65b9\u4eba\u66f4\u9ad8\u5927\u5f37\u58ef\uff0c\u6211\u537b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8655\u65bc\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\u4f46\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u3002\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u548c\u5317\u65b9\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f60\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u4f60\u6703\u8aaa\u5317\u65b9\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u819a\u8272\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u9ed1\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u60f3\u662f\u7684\u3002<\/span>[2]<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n \u76f8\u6bd419\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u5165\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u5011\uff0c\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u7167\u7247\u5c0d\u5eb6\u6c11\u60c5\u72c0\u6295\u6ce8\u66f4\u591a\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u95b1\u8b80\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5f8c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u96e3\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u90a3\u80a1\u770b\u4f3c\u60b2\u5929\u61ab\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u61f7\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5ac1\u63a5\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u512a\u8d8a\u8ad6\u548c\u7375\u5947\u7684\u8a9e\u8abf\u4e2d\u3002\u8001\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u5916\u4f86\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\u662f\u9673\u820a\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u9ad4\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u8655\u8655\u65b0\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u7bc7<\/a>\u63d0\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u671f\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\uff08Stereoscope\uff09\u8207\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\uff08Stereograph\uff09\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u5728\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u820a\u5f71\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8010\u4eba\u5c0b\u5473\u4e4b\u8655\u662f\uff1a\u8eab\u8655\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u8a6d\u8b4e\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u5927\u6642\u4ee3\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a2a\u4e2d\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u93e1\u982d\uff0c\u8a34\u8aaa\u4ed6\u6240\u89aa\u6b77\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u898b\u805e\uff1f<\/p>\n \u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7167\u7247\u4e3b\u8981\u6536\u9304\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u88e1\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a \u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u904b\u52d5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u9f8d\u5e1d\u570b\u4e4b\u65c5\u300b\uff08China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope: A Journey Through the Dragon Empire at the Time of the Boxer Uprising<\/em>, 1901\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u300cUnderwood & Underwood\u300d\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u300cUnderwood & Underwood\u300d\u65e9\u671f\u7d93\u71df\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u651d\u5f71\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u3001\u767c\u884c\u53ca\u7d93\u92b7\u3002\u8a72\u516c\u53f8\u6700\u521d\u7531\u57c3\u723e\u9ed8\uff0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08Elmer Underwood, 1859-1947\uff09\u548c\u4f2f\u7279\uff0e\u5b89\u5fb7\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08Bert Underwood, 1862-1943\uff09\u5169\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u57281882\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u582a\u85a9\u65af\u5dde\u6e25\u592a\u83ef\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7522\u696d\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u610f\u4e5f\u642c\u5230\u4e86\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u53ca\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7686\u64c1\u6709\u8fa6\u4e8b\u8655\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u5f71\u50cf\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u30021904\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u300b\uff08The United States of America through the Stereoscope<\/em>\uff09\u63d0\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n \u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u6216\u7acb\u9ad4\u76f8\u7247\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u300c\u5c0f\u5716\u7247\u300d\u3002\u7576\u624b\u6301\u7acb\u9ad4\u76f8\u7247\u4e26\u7528\u8089\u773c\u89c0\u5bdf\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u50cf\u4e00\u5c0d\u76f8\u4eff\u7684\u7167\u7247\u822c\uff0c\u4e26\u6392\u88f1\u5728\u4e00\u5f35\u5361\u7d19\u4e0a\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u9019\u5169\u5f35\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5e95\u7247\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u523b\u62cd\u651d\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u93e1\u982d\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u6a5f\u4e2d\u4e26\u6392\u653e\u7f6e\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u7d04\u6709\u4e00\u6210\u4eba\u96d9\u773c\u90a3\u822c\u5bec\u3002<\/span>[3]<\/a><\/p>\n 19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u65c5\u904a\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff0c\u65c5\u904a\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u65c5\u904a\u624b\u518a\uff08\u6307\u5357\uff09\u3001\u660e\u4fe1\u7247\u3001\u89c0\u5149\u76f8\u518a\u3001\u7167\u7247\u96c6\u7b49\u51fa\u7248\u96a8\u4e4b\u7e7c\u8d77\uff0c\u5716\u7247\u4ea4\u6613\u5b58\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u6703\u6d3e\u99d0\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u51fa\u570b\u9060\u8d74\u7576\u5730\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u56de\u570b\u5f8c\u5c07\u5716\u7247\u8ce3\u4e88\u4e0d\u540c\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/p>\n \u300a\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u88e1\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u300b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u5957\u300d\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u904a\u8a18\u3001100\u5e40\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u30018\u5f35\u5730\u5716\uff081\u5f35\u6771\u897f\u534a\u7403\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u5716\u30017\u5f35\u4e2d\u570b\u5730\u5716\uff09\u30011\u67b6\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u548c\u8001\u970d\u59c6\u65af\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u6307\u5357\u3002\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u7acb\u9ad4\u93e1\u7684\u89aa\u8eab\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u5716\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u8207\u65b9\u4f4d\u6307\u5f15\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u6027\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u5efa\u69cb\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5370\u8c61\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5148\u524d\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u773c\u89aa\u898b\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u8d9f\u65c5\u7a0b\u898f\u5283\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u904b\u7528\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u773c\u775b\u53bb\u770b\uff1b\u4e26\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u8996\u89ba\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u9084\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u771f\u5be6\u611f\u7684\u4eba\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8166\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u751f\u52d5\u548c\u9577\u4e45\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8996\u89ba\uff1b\u5b83\u5728\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3001\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3001\u8ddd\u96e2\u548c\u8996\u89d2\u65b9\u9762\u7686\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7522\u751f\u6109\u6085\u5b98\u80fd\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f4f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u50b3\u9054\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u751f\u52d5\u8ff7\u4eba\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span>[4]<\/a><\/p>\n \u4ed6\u9080\u8acb\u8b80\u8005\uff08\u89c0\u8005\uff09\u5011\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u773c\u898b\u70ba\u6191\u300d\uff08to see is to know\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u8cde\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u89e3\u653e\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u300c\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u666f\u89c0\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n \u6230\u5730\u8207\u7570\u57df\u5c45\u6c11\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u666f\u89c0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u897f\u6d0b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u7d55\u7684\u984c\u6750\u3002\u5f9e\u800c\u6709\u4e86\u50cf\u662f\u300a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6c92\u6709\u6e1b\u9707\u3001\u6c92\u6709\u5ea7\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u99ac\u8eca\uff0c\u9060\u8655\u662f\u666f\u5c71\u548c\u7687\u57ce\u300b\uff08Typical springless, seatless Chinese coach, looking toward Coal Mountain and Imperial City, Peking, China<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57162\u3011\u3001\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u7368\u8f2a\u8eca\u904b\u8f38\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u78bc\u982d\u6700\u597d\u4e14\u6700\u5be6\u60e0\u7684\u627f\u904b\u4eba\u300b\uff08Wheelbarrow transportation – China’s best and cheapest freighters – at the boat landing, Tientsin<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57163\u3011\u7b49\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u93e1\u982d\u4e0b\u7684\u5eb6\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u975e\u51fa\u81ea\u4eba\u6587\u95dc\u61f7\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u5e36\u8457\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u5c0d\u7167\u4e0b\uff0c\u7a00\u91cb\u904e\u7684\u9a55\u50b2\u611f\u3002\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u99ac\u8eca\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u63d2\u5716\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0d\u63cf\u7e6a\u9019\u7a2e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u8eca\u8f1b\u3002\u5b83\u56e0\u5176\u8ca0\u9762\u548c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u900f\u9802\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u800c\u4eab\u8b7d\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bd4\u4e00\u8f1b\u5317\u4eac\u8eca\u66f4\u80fd\u8aaa\u660e\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u982d\u8166\u7684\u9072\u920d\u548c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8b8a\u901a\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u6578\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u9673\u820a\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6a5f\u80fd\u5c0d\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u662f\u7121\u5f9e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002<\/span>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n \u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u60f3\u53bb\u897f\u5c71\u53c3\u89c0\u9824\u548c\u5712\uff0c\u4f46\u8a72\u884c\u5fc5\u9808\u642d\u4e58\u99ac\u8eca\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\uff0c\u99ac\u8eca\u4e00\u8def\u985b\u7c38\uff0c\u5dee\u9ede\u640d\u58de\u4e86\u651d\u5f71\u5100\u5668\uff1b\u4ed6\u6975\u70ba\u64d4\u6182\u76f8\u6a5f\u548c\u5e95\u7247\uff0c\u5f37\u5927\u6050\u61fc\u548c\u4e0d\u9069\u611f\u593e\u96dc\u60f1\u6012\uff0c\u7121\u602a\u4e4e\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u61df\u4e86\u4e2d\u570b\u99ac\u8eca\u8db3\u8db3\u4e00\u5927\u500b\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a\u300c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9177\u5211\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u6b64\u7a2e\u6bba\u4eba\u99ac\u8eca\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/span>\u300d[6]<\/a><\/p>\n \u7368\u8f2a\u8eca\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u82e6\u529b\u5011\u6709\u7684\u5149\u8457\u8180\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u62ab\u8457\u7c21\u55ae\u8863\u886b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u81c9\u4e0a\u90fd\u63a9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u90a3\u70ba\u751f\u8a08\u6240\u8feb\u7684\u7121\u5948\uff1b\u4e2d\u666f\u6709\u5169\u4f4d\u7a7f\u8457\u9ad4\u9762\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u76f4\u633a\u5730\u7ad9\u5728\u7368\u8f2a\u8eca\u4e0a\u3002\u90a3\u526f\u6a21\u6a23\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0a\u6f14\u8457\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5974\u5f79\u52de\u52d5\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u7368\u8f2a\u8eca\u63d2\u8457\u65e5\u672c\u65d7\uff0c\u8f2a\u8ef8\u524d\u982d\u4e5f\u639b\u4e86\u9762\u5c0f\u65d7\u5e5f\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u7368\u8f2a\u8eca\u88ab\u5404\u570b\u5927\u91cf\u5fb5\u7528\u4ee5\u904b\u9001\u8ecd\u5099\u7269\u8cc7\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n \u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u8001\u4e2d\u570b\u5f71\u50cf\u6700\u70ba\u73cd\u8cb4\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u5c6c\u95dc\u65bc\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u4e86\u3002\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u52e2\u529b\u64f4\u53ca\u5317\u4eac\u8207\u5929\u6d25\u4e00\u5e36\uff0c\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u9032\u884c\u62cd\u651d\u6642\uff0c\u885d\u7a81\u5df2\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\u3002\u62cd\u651d\u300a\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u70ae\u64ca\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u9003\u96e3\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6559\u6c11\u88ab\u795e\u7236\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u7d2b\u7af9\u6797\u6559\u5802\u300b\uff08Chinese Christian refugees gathered by Father Quilloux into the Apostolic Mission during bombardment of Tientsin, China<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57164\u3011\u6642\uff0c\u5834\u9762\u4e00\u5ea6\u51f6\u96aa\u3002\u7d2b\u7af9\u6797\u6559\u5802\u4f4d\u65bc\u82f1\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u7684\u908a\u754c\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9593\u6cd5\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\uff0c\u7531\u5289\u514b\u660e\uff08Claude Marie Guilloux\uff09\u795e\u7236\u4e3b\u638c\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5230\u5929\u6d25\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4f4d\u53ef\u656c\u7684\u795e\u7236\uff0c\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6559\u5802\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6559\u5802\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5ba4\u8207\u5730\u7a96\u88e1\uff0c\u5e87\u8b77\u548c\u64ab\u990a\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7fa4\u96e3\u6c11\u3002\u6211\u5411\u4ed6\u8868\u9054\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u62cd\u651d\u9019\u6b21\u98a8\u6ce2\u4e2d\u773e\u591a\u53d7\u76e3\u8b77\u8005\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u7167\u7247\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u80fd\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u76e1\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u5f15\u5c0e\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bb3\u6015\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\u96e2\u958b\u5730\u7a96\uff0c\u5230\u9662\u5b50\u88e1\u5446\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5fc5\u9808\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u8fc5\u901f\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u592a\u9577\u6642\u9593\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u7832\u5f48\u3002<\/span>[7]<\/a><\/p>\n \u7136\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u65e5\u62cd\u651d\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u525b\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u77ac\u9593\uff0c\u4e00\u9846\u7832\u5f48\u5c31\u5728\u982d\u9802\u4e0a\u7206\u88c2\uff0c\u4e00\u9053\u8fd1\u4e4e\u96f7\u96fb\u7684\u649e\u64ca\u8072\u97ff\u5fb9\u96f2\u9704\uff0c\u7fa4\u773e\u958b\u59cb\u54c6\u55e6\u3001\u4e0d\u8010\u7169\u3002\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u62cd\u651d\u5de5\u4f5c\u88ab\u8feb\u5728\u6975\u77ed\u6642\u9593\u5167\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u96e3\u6c11\u5011\u5bb3\u6015\u548c\u6182\u616e\u7684\u795e\u60c5\u5168\u7136\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n \u8ac7\u5230\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u9019\u5f35\u300a\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u9ebb\u7169\u88fd\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u7f8e\u8ecd\u7b2c6\u9a0e\u5175\u968a\u6349\u7372\u7684\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u6c11\u300b\uff08Some of China’s trouble-makers – “Boxer” prisoners captured and brought in by 6th U.S. Cavalry, Tientsin, China<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57165\u3011\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u582a\u7a31\u7d93\u5178\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u516d\u9a0e\u5175\u5718\u6355\u7372\u7684\u7d0450\u540d\u4fd8\u865c\uff0c\u5716\u7247\u80cc\u666f\u5f8c\u65b9\u7684\u7ad9\u8005\u5373\u9a0e\u5175\u5718\u6210\u54e1\uff1a<\/p>\n \u9019\u4e9b\u4fd8\u865c\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u662f\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u9047\u88ab\u64d2\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\uff0c\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u5718\u6c11\u5c31\u6703\u812b\u4e0b\u5718\u670d\uff0c\u63db\u4e0a\u666e\u901a\u82e6\u529b\u6216\u8fb2\u6c11\u88dd\u675f\u4ee5\u63a9\u98fe\u8eab\u5206\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f9e\u666e\u901a\u82e6\u529b\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8b58\u51fa\u8b8a\u63db\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u54e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u90a3\u9ebc\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u9a0e\u5175\u5718\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u5011\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u500b\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5718\u54e1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u66fe\u651c\u5e36\u6b66\u5668\uff1b\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u9a0e\u5175\u63ea\u8457\u9019\u500b\u300c\u771f\u300d\u62f3\u6c11\u7684\u8fae\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4ed6\u62d6\u5230\u524d\u9762\u6b63\u5982\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9760\u8fd1\u93e1\u982d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53e3\u88e1\u56b7\u8457\uff1a<\/span>\u300c\u55ae\u770b\u4ed6\u90a3\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u659c\u773c\u4fbf\u77e5\u4ed6\u662f\u500b\u55dc\u6bba\u7684\u6230\u58eb\uff01<\/span>\u300d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n 19\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u9738\u6b0a\u5728\u6771\u65b9\u5f37\u53d6\u8c6a\u596a\u3002\u8655\u5728\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u6c1b\u570d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u5f37\u5927\uff08\u897f\u65b9\uff09\u8207\u5f31\u5c0f\uff08\u6771\u65b9\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9032\u6b65\uff08\u897f\u65b9\uff09\u8207\u843d\u5f8c\uff08\u6771\u65b9\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u9ad8\u5c1a\uff08\u897f\u65b9\uff09\u8207\u7c97\u9119\uff08\u6771\u65b9\uff09\u300d\u7b49\u4e8c\u5206\u53f2\u89c0\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\uff0c\u6839\u6df1\u67e2\u56fa\u5730\u710a\u63a5\u5728\u6b50\u7f8e\u767d\u4eba\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u610f\u5ff5\u4e0a\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6210\u529f\u6383\u8569\u7fa9\u548c\u5718\u4e4b\u4e82\u3001\u6551\u52a9\u53d7\u96e3\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5316\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u897f\u6d0b\u6587\u660e\u6276\u5f31\u6fdf\u8ca7\u7684\u300c\u7fa9\u8209\u300d\u3002\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u62cd\u4e0b\u4e86\u300a\u8eab\u3001\u5fc3\u3001\u9748\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u555e\u9234\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5357\u9580\u9577\u8001\u6703\u6559\u6703\u5b78\u6821\u300b\uff08Training of body, mind and soul – Chinese children at dumb-bell exercise, So. Gate Presbyterian Mission School, Shanghai<\/em>\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u3010\u57166\u3011\uff1a\u300c\u5c0f\u59d1\u5a18\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u59d1\u5a18\u5728\u5f8c\uff1b\u5979\u5011\u90fd\u71b1\u5207\u5730\u3001\u71b1\u60c5\u5730\u9032\u884c\u8457\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5982\u540c\u897f\u65b9\u5973\u5b69\u822c\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u5979\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<\/span>\u300d[9]<\/a> \u904b\u52d5\u53ca\u9ad4\u80b2\u8a13\u7df4\u5c0d\u61c9\u8457\u7f8e\u597d\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5973\u5b69\u4e56\u5de7\u5730\u5c0d\u8457\u93e1\u982d\u8209\u8d77\u555e\u9234\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u5ba3\u793a\u9019\u4e9b\u672a\u4f86\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u597d\u82d7\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u5438\u6536\u81ea\u897f\u6d0b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u71df\u990a\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n \u8aaa\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u53ea\u662f\u7d14\u7136\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u800c\u4e0d\u5e36\u8457\u8a69\u610f\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8209\u300a\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u5bf6\u96f2\u9053\u9694\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u7063\u300b\uff08Looking across the bay to Kowloon and mainland, from Bowen Road, above Hong Kong<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57167\u3011\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u524d\u666f\u7559\u8457\u8fae\u5b50\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u7537\u5b69\u89aa\u64ab\u8457\u6a39\u5e79\uff0c\u80cc\u5c0d\u93e1\u982d\u4fef\u77b0\u907c\u95ca\u6d77\u7063\uff0c\u773c\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u98a8\u666f\uff08\u5efa\u7bc9\u3001\u8ecd\u8266\u7b49\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u3002\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n \u6211\u7684\u9019\u4f4d\u672c\u5730\u7537\u5b69\u4e5f\u5728\u700f\u89bd\u5168\u666f\u6642\u81ea\u500b\u5152\u6311\u4e86\u68f5\u677e\u6a39\u9760\u8457\u3002\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u80cc\u5f71\u59ff\u614b\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u9078\u64c7\u9084\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6709\u6642\u5de8\u984d\u91d1\u9322\u7121\u6cd5\u8a98\u4f7f\u4e0b\u5c64\u968e\u7d1a\u4eba\u58eb\u9762\u5c0d\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u5de5\u5177\u6642\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u85c9\u6b64\u8a98\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u80cc\u5c0d\u93e1\u982d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u81c9\u88ab\u62cd\u651d\u5230\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9b42\u9b44\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7956\u5148\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4ef6\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span>[10]<\/a><\/p>\n 1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8001\u7167\u7247\u50b3\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u537b\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/em>\u5b78\u8005Christopher J. Lucas\u5728\u7de8\u7be1\u5176\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u8a55\u50f9\u5176\u4f5c\u300c\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u6d41\u884c\u65b0\u805e\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u985e\u578b<\/span>\u300d[11]<\/a> \uff1b\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cLucas\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u662f\u660e\u78ba\u7121\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u69cb\u5716\u548c\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u9060\u8d85\u5e73\u51e1\u3002<\/span>\u300d[12]<\/a> \u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u7167\u7247\u5982\u540c\u300c\u7d00\u9304\u6027\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\u6587\u5b78\u300d\uff08documentary reportage\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e00\u4f4d\u66fe\u898b\u8b49\u5e1d\u570b\u8870\u6557\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u7167\u7247\u8b93\u4eca\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u56de\u671b\u90a3\u4e9b\u53f2\u66f8\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a73\u8f09\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\uff1b\u9032\u884c\u5f71\u50cf\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u803d\u65bc\u980c\u63da\u8001\u7167\u7247\u7684\u73cd\u8cb4\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e\u6642\u4ee3\u7522\u7269\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u624d\u662f\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u5427\uff01\u5229\u5361\u723e\u9813\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u651d\u5f71\u53f2\u90fd\u8db3\u5177\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u5efa\u69cb\u4e2d\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u53f2\u300d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u5b9a\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u7121\u53ef\u8cea\u7591\u5730\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u53f2\u9577\u6cb3\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u201cThe scene before us is typical of this busy street. It is all trade and no recreation; there are stands for the sale of all sorts of queer comestibles quite beyond the comprehension of Western cooks. It seems to be an out-door restaurant along the entire street; there are buckets, tubs, pots and pans, baskets containing rice, vessels containing fruit which I recognize to be a fine large species of the persimmon. I see bakers and what appears to be flour on some tables; if flour it is rice flour, which is in general use for many purposes. The people here all appear dirty and ragged, and so they are; they are all of the lower class \u2014 the unwashed and unkempt horde. You may notice they are clad in warm garments, in quilted coats, and all wearing shoes and stockings. …\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope: A Journey Through the Dragon Empire at the Time of the Boxer Uprising<\/em> (New York & London: Underwood & Underwood, 1901), p. 287.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u201cThere is a disappointing similarity in the appearance of the people in all parts of China; they are said to be much larger and stronger in the north, and I presume they are in the average; but the difference is not very marked. In the groups we have seen in the south and in the north I scarcely think you have noticed a great difference; probably you will say that they seem darker in complexion among the lower classes in the north, and I think they are.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 288.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> \u201cStereoscopic photographs or stereographs are not just “little pictures.” When a stereograph is held in the hand and looked at with the unaided eye it seems to the inexperienced observer like a pair of photographs just alike, mounted side by side on one card. The fact is that the two parts are not<\/em> alike \u2014 the negatives were taken at the same instant, but with two different lenses, set side by side in the camera about as far apart as a man’s two eyes.\u201d In Underwood & Underwood, The United States of America through the Stereoscope<\/em> (New York, Ottawa: Underwood & Underwood, 1904), p. 10.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a> \u201cIn previous journeys I have seen China with my natural eyes; during this itinerary we shall see, so to speak, with our stereoscopic eyes; and having used both these media of sightseeing, I wish to state to those not already familiar with the genuine realism of the stereograph, that its power to produce vivid and permanent impressions on the mind is scarcely less than that of one\u2019s natural vision; that it gives accuracy in size, proportion, distance and perspective; and, besides these things, it gives a vivid and fascinating effect that almost equals reality in producing pleasurable sensations and in giving a sort of mental emphasis which fixes all impressions.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 11.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> \u201cThere is scarcely an illustrated work on China which does not give a picture of this celebrated Pekinese vehicle. It is entitled to a world-wide celebrity for its negative and infernal qualities; there is nothing which shows the sluggish inaptitude and inadaptability of the Chinese mind better than a Pekinese cart. Its evolution covers millenniums, and yet its unaltered primordial capacity for inflicting torture on the traveller cannot be imagined.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 311.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u201cThe Chinese have devised many unique modes of torture, but none of them show so successful an application of means to an end as this homicidal cart.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 313.<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> \u201cSoon after my arrival in Tien-tsin I met this worthy father, who told me how large a flock he was sheltering and feeding in the basements and cellars of his church and other church buildings. I expressed a desire to obtain a stereograph of his multitudinous wards during such a crisis. He said if I would come on the following day, he would do what he could to induce his terrified flock to leave the cellars and come out into the court for a few minutes, but I must be in readiness to operate quickly and not expose them too long to the bursting shells.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 201.<\/p>\n [8]<\/a> \u201cThere seemed to be some uncertainty as to whether all of these captives were Boxers. Boxers often doff their distinctive uniform for the ordinary coolie’s or peasant’s garb when about to be captured; so that it is not always easy to know a metamorphosed Boxer from a common coolie. The boys said they knew one was a genuine Boxer because he carried a weapon; at the same time one of the cavalrymen grabbed the \u201creal thin\u201d by the pigtail and tugged him into the foreground and placed him near the camera as you see, saying at the same time: \u201cYou can tell by his bloomin’ squint that he’s a bloody warrior.\u201d\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 237.<\/p>\n [9]<\/a> \u201cThe little girls are placed in front, the larger ones in the rear; they all engage in the exercises with eagerness and animation and acquit themselves seemingly as well as Western girls could do.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 107.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> \u201cMy native boy supports himself against one as he also scans the panorama. I do not now remember whether his back presentation was from choice or necessity, because sometimes the lower classes can be induced to present their backs to the camera when vast sums of money would not induce them to face that dire instrument of evil, believing that when their faces are photographed a part of their identity is forever lost to them, and this becomes a serious matter in their ancestral worship.\u201d In James Ricalton, China Through<\/em> the Stereoscope<\/em>, p. 27.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> \u201c\u2026more nearly belongs to the genre of popular photojournalism than art as such\u2026.\u201d In Christopher J. Lucas ed. James Ricalton’s Photographs of China During the Boxer Rebellion: His Illustrated Travelogue of 1900<\/em> (Lewiston, NY: E. Mellen Press, 1990), Preface.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/e59c961efbd9cjames-ricaltonefbc8ce3808ae5898de99680e5a4a7e8a197e4b88ae786b1e9aca7e79a84e5b882e5a0b4efbc8ce4bd8de696bce5898de99680e5928ce6b0b8e5ae9ae99680e4b98be99693e3808befbc8c1900e5b9b.jpg?resize=1024%2C529&ssl=1\")
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<\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"