{"id":14372,"date":"2023-03-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-16T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=14372"},"modified":"2023-03-13T15:18:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-13T07:18:03","slug":"%e5%be%9e%e8%82%96%e5%83%8f%e7%95%ab%e5%ad%b8%e7%bf%92%e7%9c%8b%e4%ba%ba%e8%87%89%e8%89%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=14372","title":{"rendered":"\u5f9e\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5b78\u7fd2\u770b\u4eba\u81c9\u8272"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6587 \/ \u6728\u79be\u9801<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u9762\u8a66\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5347\u5b78\u6216\u61c9\u5fb5\u8077\u7f3a\uff0c\u8207\u9762\u8a66\u5b98\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u7576\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u63e3\u6e2c\u5c0d\u65b9\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7709\u68a2\u773c\u89d2\u7684\u6d6e\u52d5\u90fd\u4ee4\u6211\u5011\u5fc3\u8d77\u99ed\u6d6a\uff0c\u60f6\u60f6\u4e0d\u5b89\u4e2d\u529b\u6c42\u56de\u61c9\u51fa\u5c0d\u65b9\u671f\u671b\u807d\u5230\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u53cd\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9762\u8a66\u5b98\u4e5f\u6b63\u6253\u91cf\u8457\u6211\u5011\u9019\u4e9b\u61c9\u5fb5\u8005\u7684\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6b63\u6839\u64da\u9019\u50c5\u50c5\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5f9e\u5916\u8c8c\u5f62\u8c61\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u52dd\u4efb\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73fe\u5be6\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5bdf\u6a21\u5f0f\u53cd\u8986\u4e0a\u6f14\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6642\u523b\u6ce8\u610f\u8457\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5426\u6070\u7576\uff0c\u8abf\u6574\u5167\u5728\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9032\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7591\u60d1\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u539f\u56e0\u5de6\u53f3\u6211\u5011\u89e3\u8b80\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u5462\uff1f\u9762\u8a66\u5b98\u7684\u7709\u982d\u7a81\u7136\u76ba\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u5167\u5fc3\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u64c1\u6709\u63ed\u9732\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u9b54\u6cd5\uff1f<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5fae\u7b11\u6642\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u65b9\u671f\u671b\u5c55\u73fe\u7d66\u5916\u754c\u770b\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u96b1\u85cf\u4f4f\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u731c\u6e2c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u50b3\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5f77\u5f7f\u6709\u9b54\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u9732\u51fa\u6bd4\u88ab\u756b\u8005\u66f4\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u9019\u662f\u5426\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u88ab\u756b\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u5916\u9732\u8207\u96b1\u85cf\u90fd\u662f\u5f92\u52de\u7121\u529f\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u5011\u7a31\u980c\u756b\u5bb6\u83f2\u5229\u76ae\u8afe\u2022\u5229\u6bd4\uff08Filippino Lippi, 1457-1505\uff09\u8207\u62c9\u6590\u723e\uff08Raffaello Sanzio, 1483-1520\uff09\u756b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u300c\u6bd4\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u50cf\u672c\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u3002[1]<\/a> \u3010\u57161\u3011\u3010\u57162\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57161\u3011Filippino Lippi, Portrait of a Youth<\/em>, 1485. oil and tempera on panel, 52.1 x 36.5 cm. National Gallery of Art.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57162\u3011Raffaello Sanzio, Portrait of Elisabetta Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino<\/em>, 1502. Oil on panel, 52.9 x 37.4 cm. The Uffizi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u89e3\u8b80\u4e00\u5f35\u81c9<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8096\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fa6\u5230\u7684\uff1f\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u9ede\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\uff08E.H. Gombrich, 1909-2001\uff09[2]<\/a> \u5f88\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\u5f9e\u300c\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u300d\uff08Perceptual Psychology\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u300c\u77e5\u89ba\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u611f\u5b98\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89ba\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e26\u9760\u500b\u9ad4\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002[3]<\/a> \u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u900f\u904e\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u932f\u89ba\uff1a\u5716\u50cf\u518d\u73fe\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Art and Illusion, A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u300c\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u7684\u672c\u5206\u300d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u958b\u59cb\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u7684\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u5f9e\u6ce8\u91cd\u300e\u5f62\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u300f\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5230\u6ce8\u91cd\u300e\u5f62\u8c61\u5728\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u982d\u8166\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u300f<\/mark>\u300d\uff0c[4]<\/a> \u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5982\u4f55\u89c0\u770b\u4e00\u5f35\u756b\u8d8a\u767c\u986f\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ed6\u56de\u6b78\u5c0d\u4e00\u5f35\u9762\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u79fb\u60c5\u300d\uff08Empathy\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u5e6b\u52a9\u8aaa\u660e\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u89ba\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u60c5\u3002\u79fb\u60c5\u7684\u5fc3\u88e1\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u5df1\u8655\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eba\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u6e34\u671b\u3001\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/mark>\u300d[5]<\/a> \u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8868\u60c5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u5feb\u6a02\u6642\u6703\u96d9\u773c\u7787\u8d77\u3001\u5169\u5074\u5634\u89d2\u5f80\u4e0a\u7ff9\uff0c\u63a8\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0d\u65b9\u61c9\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8868\u60c5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u771f\u5f97\u9019\u9ebc\u7c21\u55ae\u55ce\uff1f\u82e5\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u61c9\u8a72\u6c92\u6709\u56e0\u70ba\u8aa4\u6703\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7d1b\u722d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u904b\u4f5c\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u89c0\u770b\u4e00\u5f35\u81c9\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u88e1\u7684\u81c9\uff0c\u88ab\u756b\u8005\u7d93\u904e\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u89e3\u8b80\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u73fe\uff0c\u9694\u8457\u66f4\u591a\u9053\u9762\u7d17\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u8a62\u554f\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u611f\u53d7\u4e00\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u9019\u4e9b\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7a76\u7adf\u8207\u88ab\u756b\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9700\u9762\u81e8\u5169\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u83ab\u904e\u65bc\u300a\u8499\u5a1c\u9e97\u838e\u7684\u5fae\u7b11\u300b\uff08La Joconde\uff09\u3010\u57163\u3011\u3002\u8a66\u8457\u8a2d\u60f3\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u6211\u5011\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6642\u7a7a\u56de\u5230\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u9047\u898b\u8499\u5a1c\u9e97\u838e\u672c\u4eba\u6642\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u8a8d\u51fa\u5979\u55ce\uff1f\u5728\u9054\u6587\u897f\u756b\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u8499\u5a1c\u9e97\u838e\u8207\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u8499\u5a1c\u9e97\u838e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u61c9\u7576\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, La Joconde<\/em>, 1500-07. Oil on panel, 60x 47 cm.
Mus\u00e9e du Louvre.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u81c9\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u88ab\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u9762\u5177\u300d\u7d81\u67b6\u4e86\u3002\u9762\u5177\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u66ff\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6b78\u985e\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u4ed6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b78\u9738\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u6027\u73ed\u9577\u3001\u904b\u52d5\u578b\u7684\u967d\u5149\u7537\u751f\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5ffd\u7565\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u8377\u862d\u7684\u7fa4\u50cf\u756b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u771f\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u56e0\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6253\u626e\u4f7f\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\u7684\u89c0\u8005\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u4ed6\u5011\u3002\u3010\u57164\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57164\u3011Frans Hals, The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company<\/em>, 1616. Oil on canvas, 175 x 324 cm.
Frans Hals Museum.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u300c\u672c\u8cea\u300d<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e2\u7136\u77e5\u89ba\u4e00\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u90a3\u70ba\u4f55\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8a55\u50f9\u4e00\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u300c\u6bd4\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u50cf\u672c\u4eba\u300d\u5462\uff1f\u5bae\u5e03\u91cc\u5e0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u5f35\u771f\u5047\u96e3\u8fa8\u7684\u9762\u5bb9\u4e2d\u61c9\u8a72\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u5c0d\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002\u9019\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u70ba\u4eba\u683c\u300c\u672c\u8cea\u300d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4fd7\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u795e\u97fb\u300d\u3002[7]<\/a> \u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3001\u6027\u60c5\uff0c\u6703\u900f\u904e\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u8c61\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u5c55\u73fe\u5728\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u884c\u8d70\u7684\u6b65\u614b\u3001\u8aaa\u8a71\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\u8207\u7b46\u8de1\u7b49\u3002[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7368\u7279\u7684\u300c\u795e\u97fb\u300d\u3002\u8a66\u8457\u7ad9\u5728\u8096\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u8a2d\u60f3\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8981\u5e6b\u67d0\u4eba\u756b\u4e00\u5f35\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u6642\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff1f\u4f60\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7169\u60f1\u8a72\u9078\u64c7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u59ff\u614b\u3001\u8863\u98fe\u8207\u80cc\u666f\u7b49\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6070\u7576\u5730\u5448\u73fe\u4ed6\u662f\u500b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e14\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u5728\u65bc\u7576\u756b\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u773e\u4eba\u89c0\u770b\u9019\u5e45\u4f5c\u54c1\u6642\u6703\u600e\u9ebc\u8a55\u50f9\u9019\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff1f\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u897f\u65b9\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5011\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u9805\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4e2d\u77db\u76fe\u53c8\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u5b50<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u6d41\u884c\u4e00\u7a2e\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73fe\u5145\u6eff\u77db\u76fe\u611f\u7684\u8868\u60c5\u3002\u4ee5\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bae\u5ef7\u756b\u5bb6\u62c9\u5716\u723e\uff08Quentin de la Tour, 1704-1788\uff09\uff0c\u70ba\u8def\u6613\u5341\u4e94\uff08Louis XV, 1710-1774\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u5a66\u9f90\u5df4\u5ea6\u592b\u4eba\uff08Marquise de Pompadour, 1721-1764\uff09\u7e6a\u88fd\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u3010\u57165\u3011\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u756b\u4e2d\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u795e\u60c5\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5979\u7684\u773c\u775b\u4e26\u975e\u96a8\u8457\u5fae\u7b11\u7684\u5634\u89d2\u800c\u7787\u8d77\u3002\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u9020\u6210\u300c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u611f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5f98\u5f8a\u65bc\u300e\u6c88\u601d\u300d\u548c\u300e\u5632\u7b11\u300f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u3001\u65e2\u8907\u96dc\u53c8\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u60c5<\/mark>\u300d\u3002[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57165\u3011Quentin de la Tour, Marquise de Pompadour<\/em>, 1755. Pastel on seven sheets of blue paper mounted on canvas, 178 x 2136 cm. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u9f90\u5df4\u5ea6\u592b\u4eba\u9732\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u542b\u84c4\u7684\u7b11\uff0c\u800c\u96d9\u773c\u537b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u81a0\u8457\u591a\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8457\u51dd\u601d\u3001\u6182\u50b7\u8207\u9707\u9a5a\u7b49\u3002\u756b\u4e2d\u63cf\u7e6a\u5979\u9760\u5728\u684c\u908a\u4f4e\u982d\u7aef\u8a73\u66f8\u7c4d\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u7a81\u5140\u5730\u9a5a\u64fe\uff0c\u970d\u7136\u6602\u9996\u671b\u5411\u53f3\u65b9\u770b\u8457\u4f86\u4eba\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u8ab0\u6253\u64fe\u5230\u4e86\u9f90\u5df4\u5ea6\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u4f11\u61a9\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6839\u64da\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u795e\u60c5\u751f\u51fa\u591a\u7a2e\u806f\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7528\u4e00\u9846\u68a8\u5b50\u5632\u8af7\u570b\u738b\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u6f2b\u756b\u5bb6<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u6a23\u5584\u65bc\u63cf\u7e6a\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u662f\u8af7\u523a\u6f2b\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bae\u5e03\u91cc\u5e0c\u9a5a\u5606\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u300c\u80fd\u5920\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u81bd\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\u4f86\u559a\u8d77\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\uff08\u88ab\u756b\u8005\uff09\u76f8\u50cf\u6027\u7684\u806f\u60f3\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u65bc\u300e\u7cbe\u7c21\u300f\u800c\u76f4\u9054\u300e\u672c\u8cea\u300f\u3002<\/mark>\u300d[10]<\/a> \u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u8af7\u523a\u6f2b\u756b\u5bb6\u67e5\u7406\u65af\u2022\u83f2\u5229\u672c\uff08Charles Philipon, 1800-1861\uff09\u756b\u4e86\u4e00\u5f35\u5c07\u570b\u738b\u7684\u982d\u50cf\u8207\u68a8\u5b50\u878d\u5408\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u6f2b\u756b\uff0c\u5632\u7b11\u570b\u738b\u8def\u6613\u58eb\u2022\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Louis Philippe l, 1773-1850\uff09\u50cf\u4e00\u9846\u68a8\u5b50\u4e00\u6a23\u611a\u8822\uff0c[11]<\/a> \u5728\u88ab\u5224\u7f6a\u6642\u83f2\u5229\u672c\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8faf\u8b77\u800c\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e00\u5e45\u6f14\u8b8a\u5716\u3002\u3010\u57166\u3011\u3010\u57167\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57166\u3011Charles Philipon, Les Poires<\/em>, 1831-1834.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57167\u3011\u8def\u6613\u58eb\u2022\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u4e00\u4e16(Louis Philippe I) \u7684\u651d\u5f71\u7167\u7247, \u7d041840\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u5f35\u5716\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u770b\u6e05\u570b\u738b\u7684\u982d\u50cf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6f14\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u9846\u68a8\u5b50\u3002\u6f2b\u756b\u5bb6\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u738b\u5c16\u9310\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u9aee\u578b\u3001\u5411\u5169\u5074\u57ae\u4e0b\u7684\u96d9\u9830\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0b\u5782\u7684\u773c\u5c3e\u8207\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7d0b\u7b49\u76f8\u8c8c\u7279\u8272\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8207\u7b2c\u4e09\u5f35\u6f14\u8b8a\u5716\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u66f4\u8a87\u5f35\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9010\u6f38\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u9019\u5e7e\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e14\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e94\u5b98\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u5f35\u5716\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5c07\u570b\u738b\u7684\u982d\u50cf\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u9846\u68a8\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u6307\u8a8d\u51fa\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u756b\u83f2\u5229\u6d66\u4e00\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8a9e\uff1a\u89c0\u8005\u7684\u751f\u547d\u53cd\u601d<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u73fe\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u70ba\u7cbe\u78ba\u50b3\u9054\u51fa\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u8207\u6027\u683c\u7d66\u89c0\u8005\u3002\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u2026\u90a3\u4e9b\u5049\u5927\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u9762\u524d\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u611b\u597d\u8005\u6240\u795e\u5f80\u8457\u8ff7\u7684\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5f9e\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4e2d\u6563\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/mark>\u300d[12]<\/a> \u56de\u5230\u524d\u6587\u7684\u300c\u79fb\u60c5\u300d\u5fc3\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u770b\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u9762\u5bb9\uff0c\u5fc3\u88e1\u8ff4\u76ea\u8457\u904e\u53bb\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7d93\u6b77\u904e\u7684\u7e3d\u7e3d\u611f\u89f8\uff0c\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4ee4\u4eba\u8457\u8ff7\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\u6c38\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u78ba\u89e3\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u5c07\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u653e\u5165\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\uff0c\u64f4\u589e\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u77e5\u89ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4ecd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4f9d\u7136\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u4ee5\u56b4\u5bc6\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u3002[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u795e\u5947\u9b54\u529b\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u756b\u7b46\u70ba\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u9732\u88ab\u756b\u8005\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f15\u5c0e\u8005\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u756b\u9762\u5404\u7e3d\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5f15\u9818\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u771f\u5be6\u9762\u8c8c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u6709\u4eba\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e00\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u300c\u6bd4\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u50cf\u672c\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0b\u6b21\u9047\u898b\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u4e9b\u6642\u9593\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u76f8\u8655\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u8996\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7372\u5f97\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u751f\u547d\u601d\u8003\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u9322\u9e97\u5a1f\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u300b\uff08Art, Perception and Reality\uff09\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6728\u99ac\u6587\u5316\uff0c2021\uff0c\u980116\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> \u672c\u6587\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u8b6f\u540d\u7ffb\u8b6f\u63a1\u75282021\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> \u4f46\u662d\u5049\u3001\u856d\u91d1\u571f\uff0c\u3008\u77e5\u89ba\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u300b\uff0c\u7db2\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<https:\/\/terms.naer.edu.tw\/detail\/8c30fce9759363db15516d9958d18aca\/?startswith=zh&seq=1<\/a>>\uff082022\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\u6aa2\u7d22\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> \u6458\u9304\u81ea1987\u5e74\u4e2d\u8b6f\u672c\u7684\u8b6f\u8005\u5f8c\u8a18\u3002\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u8457\uff0c\u6797\u5915\u3001\u674e\u672c\u6b63\u3001\u8303\u666f\u4e2d\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u932f\u89ba\uff1a\u5716\u50cf\u518d\u73fe\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\uff1a\u6d59\u6c5f\u651d\u5f71\uff0c1987\uff0c\u9801594 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>\uff1a< https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/empathy<\/a> >\uff082022\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\u6aa2\u7d22\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> \u540c\u8a3b2\uff0c\u980131-32\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> \u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u9322\u9e97\u5a1f\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u300b\uff0c\u980158-60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> \u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\u7b49\u8457\uff0c\u9322\u9e97\u5a1f\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u3001\u77e5\u89ba\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u300b\uff0c\u980160\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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