{"id":16637,"date":"2023-10-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=16637"},"modified":"2023-10-22T01:21:01","modified_gmt":"2023-10-21T17:21:01","slug":"%e8%82%89%e5%a4%a7%e5%8d%b3%e6%98%af%e7%be%8e%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%9f%e5%be%9e%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e3%80%8c%e5%be%b7%e5%80%ab%e7%89%9b%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%88durham-ox%ef%bc%89%e7%9a%84%e5%9c%96%e5%83%8f%e8%ab%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=16637","title":{"rendered":"\u8089\u5927\u5373\u662f\u7f8e\uff01\uff1f\u5f9e\u82f1\u570b\u300c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u300d\uff08Durham Ox\uff09\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8ac7\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6587\/\u8521\u4f0a\u5a77<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6f2b\u904a\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u4e2d\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6642\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u300d\uff08Durham Ox\uff09\u70ba\u540d\u7684\u9109\u6751\u9152\u5427\u5c0d\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u7d04\u514b\u90e1\u5883\u5167\uff0c\u6709\u9593\u5ba3\u7a31\u5df2\u6709\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8001\u9152\u5427\u5373\u662f\u540d\u70ba\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u3010\u57161\u3011\uff0c\u5176\u986f\u76ee\u7684\u62db\u724c\u756b\u4e86\u4e00\u982d\u78a9\u5927\u80a5\u58ef\u7684\u5de8\u725b\u8207\u4e00\u4f4d\u982d\u6234\u7d33\u58eb\u9ad8\u5e3d\u7684\u7537\u58eb\u3010\u57162\u3011\uff0c\u8a72\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u7d04\u7ff0\uff65\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\uff08John Boultbee, 1753\u20131812\uff09\u65bc19\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u6240\u7e6a\uff0c\u88ab\u8907\u523b\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u8755\u523b\u7248\u756b\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u9472\u5d4c\u65bc\u9752\u82b1\u767d\u74f7\u4e0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ba3\u50b3\u8fb2\u7267\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5716\u50cf\u3010\u57163\u3011\uff1b\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u93ae\u7adf\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u547d\u540d\uff01\u7a76\u7adf\uff0c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8207\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u8fb2\u7267\u7522\u696d\u6216\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u806f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57161\u3011Phoenix Property \u62cd\u651d\uff0c\u8a72\u9152\u5427\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u7d04\u514b\u90e1\u5167\u7684Northallerton.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57162\u3011\u9152\u5427\u5916\u7684\u62db\u724c\u5716\u50cf\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/countrymansdaughter.com\/2017\/08\/21\/the-tale-of-the-famous-durham-ox\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57163\u3011\u8a72\u7269\u4ef6\u5ba3\u7a31\u7522\u88fd\u65bc1820\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u6642\u9593\u5f85\u8003\u8b49\u3002\u8a72\u7269\u4ef6\u66fe\u88ab\u5728\u53e4\u7269\u62cd\u8ce3\u6703\u4e0a\u6240\u92b7\u552e\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.martelmaidesauctions.com\/auction-lot\/a-rare-19th-century-blue-and-white-transferware-d_4D143FBB33<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u8207\u77ed\u89d2\u725b\u54c1\u7a2e\u7684\u57f9\u80b2<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\u300a\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u300b\u9019\u4ef6\u5716\u50cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u756b\u6210\u5713\u8eab\u5982\u5927\u6728\u6876\u7684\u80a5\u725b\u662f\u5c6c\u6539\u826f\u5f8c\u77ed\u89d2\u725b\uff08Shorthorn\uff09\u54c1\u7a2e\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u53f2\u4e0a\u8a18\u8f09\u9019\u982d\u725b\u8a95\u751f\u65bc1796\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u6771\u5317\u90e8\u5fb7\u502b\u5340\uff08County of Durham\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u67ef\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u5171\u540c\u98fc\u990a\uff08Charles Colling of Ketton Hall\uff09\u3002[1]<\/a> 1801\u5e74\uff0c\u55ac\u6cbb\u00b7\u594e\u7279\uff08George Cuit, 1743-1818\uff09\u70ba\u9019\u982d\u4e94\u6b72\u516c\u725b\u6240\u7e6a\u88fd\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u7531\u9054\u6797\u9813\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\uff65\u963f\u6ce2\u9813\uff08William Appleton, of Darlington\uff09\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e26\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u514b\u9813\u725b\u300b\uff08The Ketton Ox<\/em>\uff09\u3002[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79d1\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\u904b\u7528\u7576\u6642\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u80b2\u7a2e\u5c08\u5bb6\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\uff65\u8c9d\u514b\u5a01\u723e\uff08Robert Bakewell, 1725-1795\uff09\u7684\u914d\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u502b\u5730\u5340\u5b55\u80b2\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u725b\u96bb\uff0c\u5176\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9ad4\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u523b\u610f\u8fd1\u89aa\u7e41\u6b96\u548c\u95b9\u5272\u5f8c\u7684\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u6539\u826f\u7269\u300d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u725b\u96bb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8fb2\u4eba\u4e0d\u518d\u9032\u884c\u653e\u7267\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ba1\u63a7\u4e26\u8c62\u990a\u5728\u5ba4\u5167\u98fc\u4ee5\u7279\u5225\u8abf\u88fd\u7684\u8349\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9935\u98df\u8207\u7f3a\u4e4f\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\uff0c\u725b\u96bb\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u5448\u73fe\u8c9d\u514b\u5a01\u723e\u6240\u8072\u7a31\u7406\u60f3\u7272\u755c\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u2500\u2500\u300c\u5982\u6728\u6876\u822c\u5713\u6f64\uff0c\u8173\u80a5\u77ed\u70ba\u4f73\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7272\u755c\u7684\u7522\u503c\u5c31\u5728\u6876\u8eab\u300d\u3002[3]<\/a> \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u70ba\u7522\u88fd\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8089\u91cf\u548c\u4e73\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7522\u51fa\u66f4\u512a\u8cea\u7684\u6bdb\u76ae\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5f62\u8c61\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u300c\u9700\u6c42\u300d\u800c\u88ab\u626d\u8f49\u6216\u64cd\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u982d\u514b\u9813\u725b\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u6797\u80af\u90e1\u54c8\u59c6\u65af\u9813\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u7d04\u7ff0\uff65\u6234\uff08John Day of Harmston, 1760-1840\uff09\u4ee5250\u82f1\u938a\u8cb7\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u6b64\u66f4\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u300d\u3002[4]<\/a> \u7d04\u7ff0\uff65\u6234\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u982d\u5f37\u58ef\u7684\u516c\u725b\u5c07\u70ba\u4ed6\u5e36\u4f86\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u5546\u696d\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u70ba\u9019\u982d\u725b\u6253\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u8f1b\u62d6\u904b\u99ac\u8eca\u8f09\u8457\u7260\u56db\u8655\u5de1\u8ff4\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u8cfa\u53d6\u89c0\u773e\u5165\u5834\u53c3\u89c0\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u3002\u5728\u5de1\u8ff4\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u6210\u70ba\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u5730\u5340\u5099\u53d7\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u3002\u723e\u5f8c\uff0c\u57281807\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u7d04\u7ff0\uff65\u6234\u9084\u70ba\u6b64\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e8632\u9801\u7684\u518a\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u6536\u9304\u4e86\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\u70ba\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u6240\u756b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u9032\u884c\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4ee5\u5ba3\u63da\u9019\u982d\u7f8e\u9e97\u52d5\u7269\u88ab\u4eba\u89c0\u770b\u4e0b\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u50f9\u503c\u3002[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\u5f88\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u982d\u5982\u660e\u661f\u822c\u7684\u77ed\u89d2\u725b\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5de1\u8ff4\u5c55\u4e2d\u6454\u65b7\u4e86\u817f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f04\u50b7\u7684\u81c0\u90e8\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7121\u529b\u56de\u5929\u7684\u4e0b\u5834\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u57281807\u5e74\u7684\u56db\u6708\u88ab\u5c60\u6bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u9084\u662f\u6191\u85c9\u8fb2\u6751\u52d5\u7269\u5c55\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u5ba3\u54c1\u7684\u5927\u529b\u5ba3\u50b3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u725b\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u725b\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u88ab\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5f62\u5851\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u80b2\u7a2e\u8207\u5be9\u7f8e\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u725b\u96bb\u5f62\u8c61<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u7e6a\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u725b\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u6642\u5e38\u88ab\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5a92\u6750\u9032\u884c\u5c55\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u53f2\u524d\u58c1\u756b\u3001\u5e0c\u7f85\u795e\u8a71\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6216\u662f\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u5c0d\u65bc\u96b1\u4e16\u7530\u5712\u7267\u6b4c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u56ae\u5f80\uff0c\u300c\u725b\u300d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u78bc\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u79d1\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u5716\u50cf\u4e0a\u5f88\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u751f\u65bc\u840a\u65af\u7279\u90e1\uff08Leicestershire\uff09\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u756b\u5bb6\u2500\u2500\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u53d7\u5230\u756b\u5bb6\u55ac\u6cbb\uff65\u53f2\u5854\u5e03\u65af\uff08George Stubbs, 1824-1806\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee5\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u8207\u300c\u725b\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u5716\u50cf\uff0c[6]<\/a>\u773e\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u55ac\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u9752\u775e\u800c\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e86\u6578\u5e45\u99ff\u99ac\u8096\u50cf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u8ff0\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u52d5\u7269\u660e\u661f\u2500\u2500\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u9806\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u5730\u6210\u70ba\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u300a\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u300b\u57281802\u5e74\u516c\u958b\u5f8c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5e36\u9818\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u755c\u7267\u8fb2\u696d\u4e2d\u725b\u96bb\u80b2\u7a2e\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u57fa\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57164\u3011Etching of Lincolnshire of Ox after Stubbs. George Stubbs, The Lincolnshire Ox<\/em>, 1790, oil on canvas, 67.9 x 90 cm. Walker Art Gallery.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u65bc\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\u7684\u53f2\u5854\u5e03\u65af\uff0c\u4fbf\u66fe\u65bc1790\u5e74\u53d7\u6797\u80af\u90e1\uff08Lincolnshire\uff09\u4ed5\u7d33\u7d04\u7ff0\uff65\u5409\u672c\u65af\uff08John Gibbons\uff09\u7684\u59d4\u8a17\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u5728\u9b25\u96de\u6bd4\u8cfd\u4e2d\u8d0f\u5f97\u516c\u725b\u3010\u57164\u3011\u7684\u4e8b\u8e5f\u9032\u884c\u63cf\u7e6a\u3002\u5728\u756b\u9762\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5409\u672c\u65af\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u6230\u5229\u54c1\u2500\u2500\u9b25\u96de\u8207\u516c\u725b\u4e00\u540c\u5165\u756b\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u5854\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u7b46\u4e0b\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u8fb2\u6751\u4ed5\u7d33\u7684\u5a1b\u6a02\u6d3b\u52d5\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u755c\u7267\u696d\u8005\u55ae\u85c9\u8349\u6599\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4f86\u70ba\u725b\u96bb\u300c\u589e\u80a5\u300d\uff08fattening\uff09\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u80b2\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u725b\u96bb\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e0d\u50c5\u6b62\u65bc\u88ab\u4eba\u985e\u98df\u7528\uff0c\u9109\u6751\u8fb2\u696d\u5c55\u89bd\u5c07\u78a9\u5927\u7684\u725b\u96bb\u4f5c\u70ba\u5947\u89c0\u5f0f\u7684\u5c55\u793a\uff0c\u696d\u4e3b\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u89c0\u773e\u5165\u5834\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u984d\u5916\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5f9e\u4e00\u4efd1791\u5e74\u5728\u840a\u585e\u59c6\u5287\u9662\uff08Lyceum\uff09\u5c55\u89bd\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u55ae\u4e2d\u3010\u57165\u3011\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u63d0\u5230\u9019\u982d\u725b\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7687\u5bb6\u6797\u80af\u90e1\u516c\u725b\u2026\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6240\u898b\u904e\u6700\u5927\u3001\u6700\u80a5\u7684\u516c\u725b\u2026\u9019\u5ea7\u6d3b\u9ad4\u5c71\u5cb3\u8b93\u6bcf\u500b\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u90fd\u70ba\u4e4b\u9707\u64bc\u2026\u4ed6\u7684\u98df\u7269\u662f\u4e7e\u8349\uff0c\u5728\u5403\u4e4b\u524d\u7260\u6703\u5148\u5c07\u4e4b\u6d78\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u53ca\u7684\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u7378\u985e\u7684\u7406\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6109\u6085\u3002\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u63d0\u4f9b\u990a\u725b\u8005\u4e00\u500b\u98fc\u80b2\u7684\u6479\u672c\u2026\u5165\u5834\u8cbb\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u5148\u4ee4\u3002<\/mark>[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57165\u3011Lyceum\u7576\u6642\u88ab\u4f5c\u70ba\u62cd\u8ce3\u5ef3\u6216\u662f\u7528\u65bc\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u8a72\u5ba3\u50b3\u5373\u662f1791\u7684\u73cd\u5947\u7570\u7378\u5c55\u6587\u5ba3\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53f2\u5854\u5e03\u65af\u7b46\u4e0b\u9019\u982d\u6797\u80af\u90e1\u516c\u725b\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u5168\u8eab\u7d50\u5be6\u7684\u8089\u584a\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u8207\u4e00\u65c1\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u516c\u725b\u8eab\u8ec0\u986f\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u5de8\u5927\u3002\u8a72\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u9664\u4e86\u5c55\u73fe\u82f1\u570b\u5f15\u4ee5\u70ba\u50b2\u7684\u9109\u6751\u666f\u81f4\u5916\uff0c\u9109\u6751\u4eff\u5982\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u300c\u8349\u6599\u5de5\u5ee0\uff08fodder factory\uff09\u300d\uff0c[8]<\/a>\u900f\u904e\u725b\u96bb\u8f49\u63db\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u8349\u6599\u70ba\u8089\u54c1\u6216\u916a\u4e73\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ba3\u793a\u8457\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u4e0b\u7684\u755c\u7267\u7d93\u6fdf\u8da8\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9b91\u7279\u6bd41802\u5e74\u7e6a\u88fd\u7684\u300c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u300d\u5716\u50cf\u3010\u57166\u3011\u7a0d\u665a\u65bc\u53f2\u5854\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u300c\u6797\u80af\u90e1\u516c\u725b\u300d\uff0c\u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u66f4\u70ba\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u5f35\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u725b\u96bb\u7684\u80f8\u578b\u58ef\u5927\u5448\u73fe\u6f0f\u6597\u72c0\uff0c\u5f8c\u8eab\u808c\u8089\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u300c\u6797\u80af\u90e1\u516c\u725b\u300d\u5247\u660e\u986f\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u5931\u53bb\u5f27\u72c0\u7684\u80cc\u90e8\u53ca\u8179\u90e8\u7dda\u689d\uff0c\u5168\u8eab\u66f4\u5448\u73fe\u6b63\u9577\u65b9\u5f62\uff0c\u725b\u96bb\u7684\u8116\u5b50\u8207\u810a\u690e\u4e5f\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e14\u7dda\u689d\u7b46\u76f4\u4e0d\u518d\u5c55\u73fe\u66f2\u7dda\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u53cd\u61c9\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u755c\u7267\u696d\u5c0d\u65bc\u725b\u96bb\u8102\u80aa\u3001\u8089\u584a\u8207\u9aa8\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u80b2\u7a2e\u6539\u826f\u2500\u2500\u904e\u53bb\u300c\u672a\u6539\u826f\u300d\u7684\u54c1\u7a2e\u8089\u584a\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u53e3\u611f\u4e0d\u4f73\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u8089\u54c1\u50f9\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7684\u523b\u610f\u80b2\u7a2e\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0b\uff0c\u725b\u96bb\u8eab\u5f62\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u82f1\u570b\u8fb2\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8089\u54c1\u5229\u6f64\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u9054\u6210\u52d5\u7269\u6700\u5927\u7522\u503c\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57166\u3011Etching of the Durham Ox<\/em> after John Boultbee.\u00a0 \u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.dominicwinter.co.uk\/Auction\/Lot\/198-whessell-john-circa-1760-circa-1840-the-durham-ox-1802\/?lot=349730&sd=1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0f\u7d50<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\uff65\u6234\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u662f\u725b\u7a2e\u4e2d\u300c\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5178\u578b\u300d\uff08the perfection of his form\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u70ba\u7260\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u9ad4\u614b\u8457\u8ff7\u3002[10]<\/a> \u9b91\u7279\u6bd4\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u52d5\u7269\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u9019\u5f35\u7d93\u5178\u4e4b\u4f5c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5f69\u8272\u7248\u756b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u92b7\u552e\uff0c\u4e26\u8ce3\u51fa\u4e862,000\u591a\u5f35\uff0c[11]<\/a>\u6210\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5c0d\u725b\u96bb\u9ad4\u614b\u7406\u60f3\u7f8e\u7684\u5c55\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u8f5f\u52d5\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u5fb7\u502b\u725b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u725b\u96bb\u7e6a\u756b\u4e00\u6642\u4e4b\u9593\u6210\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u71b1\u8877\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u50cf\u662f1808\u5e74\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u6234\u7dad\u601d\uff08W.H Davis, 1786-1865\uff09\u4ea6\u70ba\u67ef\u514b\uff08T.W Coke\uff09\u3001\u5229\u897f\u4e9e\u5fb7\uff08Clerk Hilliard\uff09\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u725b\u756b\u4e86\u8096\u50cf\u2500\u2500\u300a\u67ef\u514b\u3001\u5229\u897f\u4e9e\u5fb7\u5148\u751f\u8207\u5317\u5fb7\u6587\u90e1\u725b\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u300b\uff08Portrait of T.W Coke and Clerk Hilliard Esq. with a North Devon Ox<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57167\u3011\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u8afe\u798f\u514b\u5730\u5340\uff08Norfolk\uff09\u7406\u60f3\u7f8e\u7684\u5fb7\u6587\u90e1\u725b\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u9019\u4e9b\u88ab\u8fb2\u5834\u696d\u4e3b\u6240\u5f70\u986f\u8fb2\u6751\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u725b\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u6b63\u6a39\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u5728\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u7684\u80b2\u7a2e\u6539\u826f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7269\u7a2e\u523b\u610f\u5730\u88ab\u5be9\u7f8e\u8996\u89d2\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9700\u6c42\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u5851\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9ad4\u578b\u5178\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57167\u3011Handcolored lithograph by W.H. Davis, Portrait of Mr T.W. Coke Esq. and Clerk Hilliard Esq. with a North Devon Ox, <\/em>1808. \u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/rdg.ent.sirsidynix.net.uk\/client\/en_GB\/merl\/search\/detailnonmodal\/ent:$002f$002fUOR_ADLIB_OBJ$002f0$002fUOR_ADLIB_OBJ:4870\/one?qu=North+Devon+Ox&lm=MERL2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Charles Colling \u548c Robert Colling\u5144\u5f1f\u662f 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u990a\u725b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u3002Clarke, Ernest (1901). “Colling, Robert”. In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography<\/em> (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a>  “Online Exhibitions: Livestock in Art”. Museum of English Rural Life<\/em>. University of Reading. https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/merl\/online_exhibitions\/livestok\/cat_ls.html<\/a> (Accessed on 30 May 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> \u674e\u9451\u6167\uff0c\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u8ca2\u737b\u8207\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\u521d\u63a2\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6210\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5831\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c58\u865f\uff082020\uff09\uff0c\u980177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> \u00a0Norman Comben & John Day, The Durham Ox<\/em>. (Nottingham: Adlard Print & Reprographics, 2007), pp. 12-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Norman Comben & John Day, The Durham Ox<\/em>, p.21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> \u5728\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\uff08RA\uff09\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\u7d00\u9304\u88e1\uff0cBoultbee\u57281787\u4ee5\u53ca1788\u5e74\u9593\u5171\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u56db\u4ef6\u8207\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662fPortrait of two horses <\/em>(1787), Portrait of a horse and terrier<\/em> (1787), Portrait of horses <\/em>(1788), Portrait of a favourite horse of Mr. Bakewell <\/em>(1788).Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts; a complete dictionary of contributors and their work from its foundation in 1769 to 1904, (<\/em>London : H. Graves, 1905), p. 230.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> ANONYMOUS, 1791d [Advertisement] To be seen over the Exeter Change, and the Lyceum in the Strand. The Times, <\/em>(27 December 1791), p. 1. http:\/\/www.rhinoresourcecenter.com\/pdf_files\/144\/1443744426.pdf?fbclid=IwAR17Bgk5tPNvZHgvAdR2bDEa1I5OlmsJXkRp348MsixCyjDo929AN44WRl4<\/a> (Accessed on 30 May 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> \u674e\u9451\u6167\uff0c\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u8ca2\u737b\u8207\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\u521d\u63a2\u3009\uff0c\u980176\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> \u674e\u9451\u6167\uff0c\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u8ca2\u737b\u8207\u751f\u547d\u7d93\u9a57\u521d\u63a2\u3009\uff0c\u980177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> Norman Comben & John Day, The Durham Ox<\/em>. p. 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> Michael S. Quinn, “Corpulent Cattle and Milk Machines: Nature, Art and the Ideal Type”. Society and Animals Journal of Human-Animal Studies<\/em>. 1993, 1(2): 145-157. https:\/\/archive.ph\/20130415205802\/http:\/\/www.societyandanimalsforum.org\/sa\/sa1.2\/quinn.html<\/a> (Accessed on 31 May 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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