{"id":16914,"date":"2023-12-22T00:06:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-21T16:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=16914"},"modified":"2023-12-22T00:06:08","modified_gmt":"2023-12-21T16:06:08","slug":"%e9%9b%99%e6%89%8b%e8%88%87%e5%bf%83%e6%99%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%b0%8d%e8%a9%b1-%e5%8d%81%e4%b9%9d%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e5%88%9d%e6%9c%9f%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e7%95%ab%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9a%e4%bd%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=16914","title":{"rendered":"\u96d9\u624b\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u2014\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e4b\u8faf\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\/\u9ec3\u6842\u7469<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b880-1.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"936\" height=\"589\" data-attachment-id=\"16916\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=16916\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b880-1.jpg?fit=936%2C589&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"936,589\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"e59c96e4b880-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b880-1.jpg?fit=936%2C589&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b880-1.jpg?resize=936%2C589&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16916\" style=\"width:600px;height:auto\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">David Rijckaert, <em>Painters in a Studio<\/em>, 1638, oil on panel, Louvre Museum. \u9019\u88e1\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u756b\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u88e1\u5404\u7a2e\u52de\u52d5\u59ff\u614b\uff1a\u7814\u78e8\u984f\u6599\u3001\u7e6a\u88fd\u8349\u7a3f\u3001\u756b\u4e0b\u773c\u524d\u7684\u6a21\u7279\u5152<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u756b\u5bb6\uff1f<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6216\u8a31\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\uff08\u6216\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u884c\u6703\uff08guild\uff09\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u8077\u696d\u5225\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed8\u51fa\u52de\u529b\u70ba\u4e3b\u3001\u4f9d\u7167\u56fa\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u88fd\u4f5c\u756b\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u756b\u5bb6\u3001\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7279\u610f\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u7acb\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5091\u51fa\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u6f38\u6f38\u6709\u4e86\u812b\u96e2\u300c\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u300d\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4ee5\u5fc3\u667a\u904b\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6191\u85c9\u5929\u624d\u3001\u9748\u611f\u6210\u5c31\u5049\u5927\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u52de\u52d5\u8005\u6216\u52de\u5fc3\u8005\u3001\u5de5\u5320\u6216\u5929\u624d\u7684\u5340\u9694\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u622a\u7136\u4e8c\u5206\uff0c\u4ee5\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u58c7\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c31\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u74b0\u7e5e\u9019\u9805\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u8ad6\u8faf\uff0c\u6240\u8981\u554f\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u756b\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u8457\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff1f\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u756b\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u6307\u5f15\u5f80\u54ea\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u9032\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"313\" height=\"400\" data-attachment-id=\"16919\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=16919\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c962.jpg?fit=313%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"313,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"e59c962\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c962.jpg?fit=313%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c962.jpg?resize=313%2C400&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16919\" style=\"width:600px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sir Joshua Reynolds, <em>Self-portrait<\/em>, 1776, oil on canvas, Uffizi Gallery.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u6027\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u4f4d\u65bc\u502b\u6566\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\uff08Royal Academy of Arts\uff09\uff0c\u81ea1768\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u96d9\u624b\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e0a\u591a\u6240\u8457\u58a8\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5efa\u69cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u9996\u4efb\u9662\u9577\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff08Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1723-1792\uff09\u57281769 \u81f31790\u5e74\u9593\u6240\u9678\u7e8c\u767c\u8868\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u7bc7\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u8ad6\u300b\uff08<em>Discourses on Art<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5411\u4f86\u70ba\u5b78\u9662\u85dd\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u8ef8\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7576\u4ee3\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u4f4e\u843d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8a66\u5716\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u70ba\u7e6a\u756b\u4ee5\u53ca\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5c6c\u6027\u5efa\u69cb\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e00\u518d\u5f37\u8abf\u756b\u5bb6\u5728\u5275\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e3b\u984c\u8a6e\u91cb\u6240\u6295\u6ce8\u4e4b\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u6b64\u5c07\u7e6a\u756b\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u5316\u5d07\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8a69\u6587\uff08poetry\uff09\u4e26\u5217\u70ba\u300c\u4eba\u6587\u85dd\u8853\u300d\uff08Liberal Arts\uff09\u3002\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u82e5\u8981\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u50b3\u9054\u660e\u78ba\u7121\u8aa4\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u6b64\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u6607\u89c0\u756b\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u5247\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u9808\u64c1\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u5bec\u95ca\u800c\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u7d20\u990a\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u9054\u6210\u9019\u9805\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u66f4\u5c07\u7e6a\u756b\u4f5c\u70ba\u8996\u89ba\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u6027\u8cea\u8207\u5176\u62bd\u8c61\u610f\u6db5\u5206\u7acb\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u552f\u6709\u5f8c\u8005\u624d\u662f\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5230\u82b1\u9ce5\u3001\u98a8\u666f\u3001\u4eba\u50cf\u756b\u7b49\u5275\u4f5c\u985e\u578b\u6642\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u756b\u5225\u8cb6\u6291\u70ba\u4f4e\u968e\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u50c5\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u64ec\u771f\u5beb\u5be6\uff0c\u7d30\u7bc0\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a34\u8af8\u611f\u5b98\u6109\u6085\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u5fd7\u6210\u540d\u7684\u597d\u756b\u5bb6\u6240\u61c9\u8a72\u8003\u91cf\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5982\u679c\u6b3a\u77c7\u96d9\u773c\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u60f3\u7576\u7136\u723e\uff0c\u5beb\u5be6\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u6703\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u529f\u6210\u540d\u5c31\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u624d\u83ef\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u6240\u5e0c\u5180\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u96d9\u773c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u3002\u4ed6\u7d55\u4e0d\u6703\u6d6a\u8cbb\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u9593\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u6703\u523a\u6fc0\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5206\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u963b\u7919\u4ed6\u8207\u5fc3\u9748\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u5049\u5927\u5fd7\u5411\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u4f01\u5716\u5fc3\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u8ce6\u4e88\u756b\u5bb6\u771f\u6b63\u5d07\u9ad8\u5c0a\u56b4\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u7e6a\u756b\u8207\u8a69\u6587\u4e26\u5217\u70ba\u4eba\u6587\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a> \u7531\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u9019\u6bb5\u8ad6\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u6642\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5c07\u5beb\u5be6\u6027\u3001\u8996\u89ba\u6109\u6085\u7b49\u611f\u5b98\u7d93\u9a57\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ee5\u300c\u89c0\u770b\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u50b3\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0d\u557b\u662f\u7ffb\u8f49\u4e86\u7e6a\u756b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u66f4\u5c07\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6027\uff08materiality\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6280\u85dd\u8996\u70ba\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8a8d\u70ba\u756b\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u8490\u96c6\u3001\u9078\u64c7\u7f8e\u597d\u7121\u7455\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u505a\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u904b\u7528\u5176\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u7bc4\u672c\uff08specimen\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6b78\u7d0d\u6f14\u7df4\u51fa\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5178\u578b\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7e6a\u756b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u975c\u614b\u6027\u601d\u7d22\u8207\u6dec\u934a\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\uff08mental power\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u756b\u5bb6\u61c9\u8a72\u52aa\u529b\u57f9\u990a\u7cbe\u9032\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5c0d\u65bc\u5fc3\u667a\u8207\u756b\u85dd\u7684\u5340\u5206\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4ee5\u964d\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u6b77\u5c46\u7e6a\u756b\u6559\u6388\uff08professor of painting\uff09\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u6f14\u8aaa\u4e2d\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e4b\u5206\u4e26\u975e\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u7acb\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53ef\u52d5\u6416\u7684\u572d\u81ec\uff0c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u958b\u555f\u4e00\u5834\u8ad6\u8faf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u756b\u5bb6\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\uff08William Blake, 1757-1827\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u6311\u6230\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b78\u9662\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u5411\u4f86\u62b1\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u597d\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u7531\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u5320\u85dd\u6280\u6cd5\u7d55\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u6027\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u662f\u5fc3\u667a\u8207\u96d9\u624b\u6280\u85dd\u5169\u9805\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u540c\u6642\u5c55\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u91cd\u5408\u800c\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u88ab\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u5f37\u8abf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e74\u8f15\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u5b50\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u6295\u6ce8\u904e\u591a\u5fc3\u529b\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8207\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u76ee\u6a19\u6642\uff0c\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u5f37\u70c8\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u53cd\u99c1\u9019\u9805\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u552f\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u5275\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u50b3\u9054\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u624d\u83ef\u8207\u610f\u5ff5<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[3]<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u5275\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u5ff5\uff08vision\uff09\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u52de\u52d5\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u85c9\u7531\u624b\u5de5\u88fd\u9020\u4f86\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u4ed6\u6240\u63a5\u6536\u3001\u53cd\u82bb\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u610f\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b889-1.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4001\" height=\"3420\" data-attachment-id=\"16924\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=16924\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b889-1.jpg?fit=4001%2C3420&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4001,3420\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"e59c96e4b889-1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b889-1.jpg?fit=1024%2C875&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e59c96e4b889-1.jpg?resize=4001%2C3420&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16924\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sir Joshua Reynolds, <em>The Ladies Waldegrave<\/em>, 1780, oil on canvas, Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh. Reynolds\u53d7\u8a17\u70ba2nd Earl Waldegrave\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u672a\u5a5a\u5973\u5152\u7e6a\u88fd\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5438\u5f15\u6f5b\u5728\u6c42\u5a5a\u8005\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e0a\u6d41\u968e\u5c64\u662fReynolds\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9867\u5ba2\u7fa4\u3002&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u54b8\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u8207\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u6b67\u7570\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u6b77\u7a0b\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8eab\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u8207\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u9996\u4efb\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6210\u5c31\u5411\u4f86\u8207\u4ed6\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u85dd\u6587\u5708\u88e1\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u624b\u8155\u6709\u8457\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u727d\u9023\u3002\u800c\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u96d6\u7136\u57281779\u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u9019\u4f4d\u7576\u6642\u7684\u756b\u58c7\u796d\u9152\u59cb\u7d42\u62b1\u6301\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8eab\u70ba\u523b\u7248\u5bb6\u8207\u8a69\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u67d3\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c64\u66f4\u70ba\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u82e5\u518d\u5f80\u524d\u8ffd\u672c\u6eaf\u6e90\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u6df1\u9060\u800c\u5177\u6709\u7d55\u5c0d\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u96d9\u624b\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u65e9\u5e74\u65bc\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u54c8\u5fb7\u905c\uff08Thomas Hudson, 1701-1779\uff09\u9580\u4e0b\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e09\u5e74\uff081740-1743\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u537b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6bb5\u555f\u8499\u6642\u671f\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u52a9\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u65e9\u5e74\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u6709\u8457\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u81ea\u89ba\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u756b\u5bb6\u904e\u4efd\u4ef0\u8cf4\u984f\u6599\u5546\u4f9b\u61c9\u73fe\u6210\u984f\u6599\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u7f3a\u4e4f\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u7528\u8272\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u66f4\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u71b1\u8877\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u96a8\u610f\u5730\u6df7\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u5a92\u6750\u7684\u9060\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4ed6\u8a31\u591a\u756b\u4f5c\u6709\u8457\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6bc0\u640d\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u8eab\u65bc\u65e9\u5e74\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u4e0d\u8db3\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u559f\u5606\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540c\u6642\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u756b\u5bb6\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u6574\u9ad4\u85dd\u8853\u74b0\u5883\u5931\u843d\u50b3\u7d71\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u7f3a\u5c11\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7d2e\u5be6\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f5c\u756b\u5a92\u6750\u758f\u96e2\u800c\u964c\u751f\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u2026\u2026\u9019\u7a2e\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6df1\u5207\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u770b\u5f85\u756b\u5bb6\u5fc3\u667a\u8207\u624b\u85dd\u4e4b\u9593\u4ea4\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7f8e\u5b78\u7684\u85b0\u9676\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u751f\u7522\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f7f\u5f97\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5c0d\u65bc\u756b\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u624b\u85dd\u3001\u984f\u6599\u6280\u6cd5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6709\u8457\u7368\u5230\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u6fc0\u767c\u4ed6\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u4f4d\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u78ba\u8a55\u50f9\u85dd\u8853\u7b49\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7576\u5be9\u8996\u4e00\u4ef6\u756b\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u6559\u5316\u4e3b\u984c\u70ba\u5224\u5b9a\u6a19\u6e96\uff1f\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u624d\u83ef\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u4f86\u8a55\u65b7\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5f15\u7d93\u64da\u5178\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u7b26\u78bc\u4f86\u6fc0\u767c\u89c0\u8005\u5171\u9cf4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f\u800c\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u660e\u986f\u5730\u9078\u64c7\u5f8c\u8005\u70ba\u756b\u4f5c\u7684\u8a55\u65b7\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u4f5c\u756b\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u6cd5\u8207\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u80fd\u529b\u8996\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u6297\u8861\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Sir Joshua Reynolds, \u2018Discourse III\u2019, <em>Discourses on Arts<\/em>, (ed.) Robert R. Wark, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), \u7b2c50\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[2]<\/a><em> Ibid<\/em>., \u7b2c50\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[3]<\/a> William Blake, \u201cAnnotations to Reynolds\u2019s \u2018Discourses\u2019\u201d \u6536\u9304\u65bcGeoffrey Keynes(ed.), T<em>he Writings of William Blake,<\/em> vol. II (London: Nonesuch Press, 1925), p. 231.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3658\" height=\"1413\" data-attachment-id=\"16927\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=16927\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/e692b0e7a8bfe4babae7b0a1e4bb8b_e9bb83e6a182e791a9.png?fit=3658%2C1413&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3658,1413\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" 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