{"id":17464,"date":"2024-04-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-11T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=17464"},"modified":"2024-05-07T19:31:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-07T11:31:38","slug":"%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e7%95%ab%e6%b4%be%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5%e5%b9%b4%e4%bb%a3%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%b7%e8%ab%be%e8%8c%b2%e8%88%87%e5%85%b6%e8%97%9d%e8%a1%93%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%ef%bc%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=17464","title":{"rendered":"\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u5176\u85dd\u8853\u4e16\u754c\uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6587\uff0f\u8b1d\u4f73\u5a1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u53bb\u5e74\uff082023\u5e74\uff09\u662f\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8a95\u8fb0\u4e09\u767e\u9031\u5e74\u3002\u56db\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u5728\u6f2b\u904a\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u767c\u8868<a href=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/2019\/10\/24\/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%89%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%97%8E%EF%BC%81%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%E7%AF%87%EF%BC%89\/\">\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u55ce\uff01\u3009\u4e0a\u7bc7<\/a>\u8207<a href=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/2019\/10\/31\/%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%89%e8%97%9d%e8%a1%93%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89\/\">\u4e0b\u7bc7<\/a>\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86E.H. Gombrich\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u9019\u672c\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u5177\u6709\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u901a\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6211\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c0e\u5411\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u5247\u4f86\u8ac7\u8ac7\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u9996\u4efb\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u524d\u8a00<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u4e03\u6708\u5341\u516d\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5fb7\u6587\u90e1\u5c0f\u93ae\u666e\u6797\u666e\u9813\uff08Plympton\uff09\u7684\u7267\u5e2b\u5c71\u8b2c\u723e\u30fb\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff08Samuel Reynolds, 1681-1746\uff09\u8207\u5176\u59bb\u751f\u4e0b\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7b2c\u4e03\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u7d04\u66f8\u4e9e\u30fb\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff08Joshua Reynolds, 1723-1792\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u85dd\u8853\u4e16\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c71\u8b2c\u723e\u30fb\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u4f4d\u7267\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u666e\u6797\u666e\u9813\u7576\u5730\u6587\u6cd5\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u6821\u9577\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u4e5f\u51fa\u8eab\u795e\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5927\u6982\u842c\u842c\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u300d\u5efa\u7acb\u570b\u969b\u540d\u8072\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8235\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u81fa\u7063\u8b80\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u6216\u8a31\u986f\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u6709\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4eba\u5408\u7406\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u5373\u5c07\u5d1b\u8d77\u800c\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5f37\u570b\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u91cd\u8981\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u5247\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u90fd\u4ecd\u503c\u5f97\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u65e2\u6c92\u6709\u5982\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u6642\u671f\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684\u9054\u6587\u897f\u3001\u62c9\u6590\u723e\u3001\u7c73\u958b\u6717\u57fa\u7f85\uff0c\u4ea6\u7121\u5982\u8377\u862d\u9ec3\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u540d\u8072\u97ff\u4eae\u7684\u6797\u5e03\u862d\u3001\u7dad\u6885\u723e\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u5982\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u773e\u661f\u96f2\u96c6\u7684\u5df4\u9ece\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9020\u5c31\u51fa\u99ac\u5167\u3001\u83ab\u5167\u3001\u585e\u5c1a\u3001\u68b5\u8c37\u3001\u9ad8\u66f4\u7b49\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u5bb6\u55bb\u6236\u66c9\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5165\u9580\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u5bae\u5e03\u5229\u5e0c\uff08E.H. Gombrich, 1909-2001\uff09\u773c\u88e1\uff0c\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7121\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53f2\u89c0\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u9019\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u7e7c\u627f\u4e4b\u5b78\u8853\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u300c\u504f\u898b\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u4e3b\u6d41\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u843d\u5f8c\u300d\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u6587\u5316\u754c\u500d\u611f\u6182\u616e\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5f9e\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u8d77\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u738b\u5ba4\u8cb4\u65cf\u5f80\u5f80\u91cd\u7528\u6b50\u9678\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u8005\u5982\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u6642\u671f\u7684\u970d\u723e\u73ed\uff08Hans Holbein the Younger, c.1497-1543\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u723e\u65af\u4e00\u4e16\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8303\u6234\u514b\uff08Anthony van Dyck, 1599-1641\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u723e\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u6642\u671f\u7684\u674e\u5229\uff08Sir Peter Lely, 1618-1680\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u7e8c\u7684\u5167\u52d2\uff08Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1646-1723\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u738b\u5ba4\u6210\u54e1\u8207\u671d\u81e3\u7e6a\u88fd\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5354\u52a9\u82f1\u570b\u5efa\u7acb\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u81ea\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8207\u5f8c\u8d77\u4e4b\u6cd5\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7e6a\u88fd\u738b\u5ba4\u8cb4\u65cf\u8096\u50cf\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u984c\u88dd\u98fe\u5bae\u6bbf\u53ca\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u4ee5\u8996\u89ba\u5716\u50cf\u50b3\u9054\u653f\u6cbb\u5b97\u6559\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u300d\uff0c\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u66f4\u9ad8\u968e\u3001\u66f4\u80fd\u5c55\u73fe\u756b\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u756b\u7a2e\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u5bae\u6bbf\u8207\u6559\u5802\uff08\u56e0\u65b0\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8207\u5076\u50cf\u7834\u58de\u56e0\u7d20\uff09\u5247\u76f8\u5c0d\u9eef\u6de1\u5931\u8272\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u672c\u571f\u756b\u5bb6\u9bae\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u59d4\u8a17\u88fd\u4f5c\u5c55\u73fe\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u516c\u5171\u85dd\u8853\u6216\u5bae\u6bbf\u58c1\u756b\uff1b\u677e\u5e0c\u723e\uff08James Thornhill, 1675-1734\uff09\u70ba\u820a\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u8ecd\u5b78\u9662\u5f69\u7e6a\u5927\u5ef3\uff08Painted Hall, Old Royal Naval College, 1707-1726\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u502b\u6566\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5713\u9802\uff081715-1717\uff09\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u58c1\u756b\u5be6\u70ba\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u672c\u571f\u756b\u5bb6\u591a\u534a\u50c5\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u7e6a\u88fd\u8096\u50cf\u8b00\u751f\u3002\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u7f8e\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u590f\u592b\u8332\u4f2f\u91cc\u4f2f\u7235\uff08Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, 1671-1713\uff09\u9084\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u300c\u4e0d\u662f\u535a\u96c5\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u535a\u96c5\u5b78\u8b58\u3001\u5929\u8ce6\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u79ae\u5100\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u5b78\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u5149\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u5be6\u7528\u3001\u5eb8\u4fd7\u7684\u6280\u85dd\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u76f4\u5230\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7e6a\u88fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u672c\u571f\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u69ae\u7a31\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u5982\u540c\u5de5\u5320\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u7d04\u66f8\u4e9e\u30fb\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u4e0d\u5229\u672c\u571f\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u8a95\u751f\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u56f0\u5883\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u662f\u8f49\u6a5f\u3002\u7d50\u5408\u5929\u6642\u3001\u5730\u5229\u3001\u4eba\u548c\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4e0d\u50c5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u5275\u9020\u6210\u529f\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u66f4\u64d4\u4efb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e03\u516d\u516b\u5e74\u5275\u7acb\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\uff08Royal Academy of Arts\uff09\u9996\u4efb\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u5efa\u7acb\u570b\u969b\u540d\u8072\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8235\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u5f9e\u9109\u93ae\u5230\u85dd\u8853\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a\u7acb\u5fd7\u6210\u70ba\u535a\u5b78\u7684\u756b\u5bb6<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5341\u4e03\u6b72\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u751f\u9577\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c0f\u93ae\uff0c\u8207\u5ee3\u88a4\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7236\u89aa\u4efb\u6821\u9577\u7684\u6587\u6cd5\u5b78\u6821\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0c\u539f\u53d7\u7236\u89aa\u5b89\u6392\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u7576\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u4e5f\u8a8d\u53ef\u4ed6\u5728\u7d20\u63cf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u610f\u8b93\u4ed6\u6539\u8d70\u5b78\u7fd2\u7e6a\u756b\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u7576\u6642\u5bb6\u9109\u5730\u5340\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u6c83\u7dad\u723e\uff08John Warwell, d. 1767\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u9858\u610f\u514d\u8cbb\u62db\u6536\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u70ba\u5b78\u5f92\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5fc3\u61f7\u58ef\u5fd7\u7684\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u300c\u5be7\u53ef\u7576\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9858\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u300e\u666e\u901a\u300f\u756b\u5bb6\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\">[3]<\/a> \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u6a23\u51fa\u8eab\u5fb7\u6587\u90e1\u4f46\u5728\u502b\u6566\u57f7\u696d\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u54c8\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Thomas Hudson, 1701-1779\uff09\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u5341\u4e03\u6b72\u90a3\u5e74\u4f86\u5230\u502b\u6566\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u54c8\u5fb7\u68ee\u9580\u4e0b\u7576\u5b78\u5f92\u3002\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u5b78\u5f92\u6642\u9593\u9084\u77ed\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u4e09\u5e74\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e03\u56db\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4fbf\u63d0\u65e9\u7d50\u675f\u5b78\u5f92\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7368\u7acb\u5728\u666e\u5229\u8305\u65af\u6e2f\u5340\u8207\u502b\u6566\u5169\u5730\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u9867\u5ba2\u662f\u99d0\u7d2e\u5728\u666e\u5229\u8305\u65af\u7684\u6d77\u8ecd\u8ecd\u5b98\u3002\u3010\u57161\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/sir-joshua-reynolds-self-portrait.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"666\" data-attachment-id=\"17470\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=17470\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/sir-joshua-reynolds-self-portrait.jpg?fit=800%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"800,666\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"sir-joshua-reynolds-self-portrait\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/sir-joshua-reynolds-self-portrait.jpg?fit=800%2C666&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/sir-joshua-reynolds-self-portrait.jpg?resize=800%2C666&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17470\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u3010\u57161\u3011\u7d04\u66f8\u4e9e\u30fb\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff08Sir Joshua Reynolds\uff09\uff0c\u81ea\u756b\u50cf\uff08<em>Self-portrait<\/em>\uff09\uff0c1747-49\u5e74\uff0c\u6cb9\u5f69\u756b\u5e03\uff0c63.5 x 74.3 cm\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u8096\u50cf\u85dd\u5eca\u6536\u85cf\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4e0d\u7518\u65bc\u5de5\u5320\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\u6216\u4ee5\u8096\u50cf\u7dad\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u756b\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u8de1\u53ef\u5faa\u3002\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u5176\u5144\u5f1f\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5982\u7236\u89aa\u4e00\u6a23\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u7267\u5e2b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7562\u7adf\u5145\u6eff\u66f8\u9999\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u5716\u66f8\u8207\u4e9b\u8a31\u7684\u7248\u756b\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5e74\u5c11\u6642\u7684\u6ecb\u990a\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7b46\u8a18\u672c\u88e1\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4ed6\u95b1\u8b80\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7f85\u99ac\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u8fd1\u4ee3\u82f1\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b50\u9678\u85dd\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7bc0\u9304\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u54c8\u5fb7\u68ee\u7684\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u517c\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u68ee\uff08Jonathan Richardson, 1667-1745\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e03\u4e00\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8ad6\u7e6a\u756b\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e03\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u8ad6\u85dd\u8853\u6279\u8a55\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u8ad6\u9451\u8cde\u5bb6\u4e4b\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u68ee\u5728\u300a\u8ad6\u7e6a\u756b\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0300ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u7e6a\u756b\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\u7684\u3001\u5929\u771f\u7121\u90aa\u7684\u5a1b\u6a02\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u9084\u4e0d\u53ea\u5982\u6b64\uff1b\u7e6a\u756b\u6975\u6709\u7528\u8655\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u5011\u85c9\u4ee5\u5f7c\u6b64\u50b3\u9054\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e14\u5c31\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u512a\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7e6a\u756b\u61c9\u7576\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u5a92\u4ecb\u540c\u5217\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eab\u6a02\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7e6a\u756b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6211\u5011\u6e9d\u901a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/mark><a href=\"#_ftn1\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u60f3\u5728\u7e6a\u756b\u4e0a\u4f38\u5c55\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u7e6a\u756b\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e9d\u901a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u52e2\u5fc5\u6df1\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u8207\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u662f\u9020\u5c31\u4ed6\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5320\u968e\u7d1a\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8e8b\u8eab\u300c\u535a\u96c5\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u4e4b\u5217\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ed6\u540c\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u8fd1\u8eab\u89c0\u5bdf\u9ad4\u6703\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5f8c\u4e16\u50b3\u8a18\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u6709\u8457\u548c\u85f9\u53ef\u89aa\u3001\u5e73\u6613\u8fd1\u4eba\u3001\u5584\u65bc\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u6027\u60c5\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8b93\u4ed6\u5728\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u8eab\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u8cb4\u65cf\u58eb\u7d33\u968e\u7d1a\u6b61\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u98fd\u8b80\u8a69\u66f8\u8207\u5584\u65bc\u793e\u4ea4\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6210\u5c31\u4e00\u4f4d\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u300d\u8072\u540d\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5145\u8db3\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u8cb4\u65cf\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b50\u9678\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u96d5\u523b\u7684\u559c\u611b\u8207\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8cb4\u65cf\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9ad4\u6703\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u8d0a\u4e3b\u5e73\u8d77\u5e73\u5750\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u8207\u5c0a\u656c\uff1f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u8cb4\u65cf\u9593\u8208\u76db\u7684\u58ef\u904a\uff08Grand Tour\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u8457\u589e\u5ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u52e2\u898b\u8b58\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u969b\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9032\u884c\u85dd\u8853\u6587\u5316\u5de1\u79ae\u3001\u57f9\u990a\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u826f\u6a5f\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u756b\u5bb6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u4f01\u53ca\u7684\u5922\u60f3\u3002\u6240\u5e78\uff0c\u4e00\u4e03\u56db\u4e5d\u5e74\uff0c\u66fe\u5411\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8a02\u88fd\u8096\u50cf\u7684\u8266\u9577\u57c3\u5409\u80af\u59c6\uff08George Edgecombe, 1st Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, 1720-1795\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u5f15\u4ecb\u7d66\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8ecd\u5b98\u51f1\u4f69\u723e\u63d0\u7763\uff08Commodore Augustus Keppel, 1726-1786\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u51f1\u4f69\u723e\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u524d\u5f80\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u57f7\u884c\u5916\u4ea4\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9080\u8acb\u4e0b\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u9ad8\u8208\u5730\u65bc\u4e00\u4e03\u56db\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\u642d\u4e0a\u767e\u592b\u9577\u865f\u6230\u8266\uff08HMS Centurion\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u555f\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u91cc\u65af\u672c\u3001\u76f4\u5e03\u7f85\u9640\u3001\u963f\u723e\u53ca\u723e\u53ca\u6885\u8afe\u5361\u5cf6\u4e0a\u5ea6\u904e\u6578\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7d42\u65bc\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u4e94\u25cb\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u62b5\u9054\u7f85\u99ac\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u4f4f\u4e86\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u524d\u5f80\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u3001\u4f5b\u7f85\u502b\u65af\u3001\u6ce2\u9686\u90a3\u8207\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9014\u7d93\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u65bc\u4e00\u4e03\u4e94\u4e8c\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u56de\u5230\u502b\u6566\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f9d\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u6578\u672c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u901f\u5beb\u7c3f\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5169\u5e74\u591a\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u52e4\u596e\u5730\u56db\u8655\u89c0\u770b\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u5927\u5e2b\u5091\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u52e4\u505a\u81e8\u6479\u8207\u7b46\u8a18\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u557b\u662f\u5b78\u7fd2\u7e6a\u756b\u6280\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8a13\u7df4\u773c\u529b\u8207\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u4e0d\u4e8c\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u990a\u5206\u8207\u7d20\u6750\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u65e9\u4ed6\u4e00\u8f29\u7684\u970d\u52a0\u65af\uff08William Hogarth, 1697-1764\uff09\u529b\u6297\u8cb4\u65cf\u5d07\u5c1a\u6b50\u9678\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u5f35\u4ee5\u91dd\u782d\u793e\u6703\u6642\u4e8b\u7684\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u984c\u300d\u4f86\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u7368\u5275\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5247\u66f4\u5c0d\u6b50\u9678\u53e4\u5178\u50b3\u7d71\u6709\u6240\u56ae\u5f80\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u7684\u9858\u666f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5c0d\u6b50\u9678\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u8207\u50b3\u627f\u4e0a\u3002\u5f9e\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u56de\u4f86\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5e74\u8fd1\u4e09\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u771f\u6b63\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u5c55\u9577\u624d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u7bc0\u9078\u81ea\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u5176\u85dd\u8853\u4e16\u754c\u3009\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u9673\u6b63\u570b\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a1723\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u768411\u6247\u7a97\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u806f\u7d93\uff0c2023\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9801302-341\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u8b1d\u4f73\u5a1f\uff0c\u3008\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u300c\u5b97\u6559\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\uff1a\u5f9e\u5c0d\u62c9\u6590\u723e\u5716\u7a3f\u53ca\u4e8c\u5247\u5b97\u6559\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ac7\u8d77\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6b50\u7f8e\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c42\u53773\u671f\uff0c\u9801540\u3001549\u3002<a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, <em>Second Characters, or the Language of Forms<\/em>, ed. Benjamin Rand (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1914), p. 135.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[3]<\/a> Sam Smiles ed., <em>Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Acquisition of Genius<\/em> (Bristol: Sansom &amp; Company, 2009), p. 17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a> Jonathan Richardson, <em>An Essay on the Theory of Painting<\/em> (London, 1715), p. 2. \u53c3\u898b\u8b1d\u4f73\u5a1f\uff0c\u3008\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3001\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u6587\u6cd5\uff1a\u5341\u4e03\u81f3\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u82f1\u570b\u7d20\u63cf\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u8207\u610f\u7fa9\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u53f2\u5b78\u300b\uff0c21\u53774\u671f\uff0c2010\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9801125\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1233\" height=\"468\" data-attachment-id=\"17474\" 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