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\u6587\uff0f\u8b1d\u4f73\u5a1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b78\u9662\u9996\u4efb\u9662\u9577\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u8ad6\u8ff0<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u57161\u3011The Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knt., Late President of the Royal Academy<\/em>, ed. by Edmond Malone, Esq (London, 1797). \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aHathiTrust.org (public domain).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e09\u9ede\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5c0d\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u986f\u7136\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u671f\u8a31\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u80fd\u5920\u5e36\u9818\u82f1\u570b\u6574\u9ad4\u85dd\u8853\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u85dd\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u6b63\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u3001\u6d77\u5167\u5916\u8cbf\u6613\u8207\u91cd\u5546\u601d\u60f3\u5927\u5e45\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u6d88\u8cbb\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u5c45\u5bb6\u8207\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u52a0\u8212\u9069\u8207\u7cbe\u7dfb\uff0c\u4f46\u9762\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e9e\u6d32\u8236\u4f86\u54c1\u7b49\u7684\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5167\u90e8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u8208\u8d77\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u570b\u5bb6\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u547c\u8072\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u7528\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u986f\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u5728\u7b46\u8a18\u4e2d\u99c1\u65a5\u82f1\u570b\u6559\u6703\u7267\u5e2b\u66a8\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5854\u514b\uff08Josiah Tucker, 1713-1799\uff09\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5927\u982d\u91dd\u88fd\u9020\u5546\u6bd4\u62c9\u6590\u723e\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u91cd\u5546\u601d\u60f3\u592a\u904e\u72f9\u9698\u3002\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u6df1\u4fe1\u85dd\u8853\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u667a\u6027\u6109\u6085\u53ca\u6559\u8aa8\u7684\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4eab\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5065\u5168\u8207\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7d55\u975e\u7121\u7528\u3002[2]<\/a> \u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u4e03\u516d\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e00\u6708\u4e8c\u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u958b\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u7533\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u8207\u7b49\u7d1a\u5c31\u770b\u5176\u904b\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6109\u6085\u3002\u9075\u5b88\u6216\u5ffd\u8996\u9019\u9805\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u535a\u96c5\u85dd\u8853\uff08liberal art\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6280\u5de5\u884c\u696d\uff08mechanical trade\uff09\u3002\u5728\u524d\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7e6a\u756b\u56e0\u8a34\u8af8\u6700\u9ad8\u8cb4\u7684\u5b98\u80fd\u800c\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u6700\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u62b1\u8ca0\uff1b\u5728\u5f8c\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7e6a\u756b\u964d\u4f4e\u70ba\u50c5\u95dc\u4e4e\u88dd\u98fe\uff0c\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u6240\u53ca\u9802\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u512a\u96c5\u5730\u88dd\u98fe\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4f4f\u6240\u3002<\/mark>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7d1a\u756b\u7a2e\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u537b\u96e3\u4ee5\u4f38\u5f35\u3002\u548c\u6cd5\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u7e6a\u756b\u96d5\u523b\u5b78\u9662\u5728\u738b\u5ba4\u76f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u52d5\u8207\u8d0a\u52a9\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u6210\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u81ea\u8eab\u2014\u2014\u4f9d\u820a\u96e3\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u59d4\u8a17\u6848\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u8aaa\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\uff1b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7d04\u83ab\u5341\u5e45\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u3002[6]<\/a> \u73fe\u4eca\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u7559\u4e16\u7684\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u548c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u540c\u6a23\u8a95\u751f\u65bc\u4e00\u4e03\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f8c\u4e16\u8072\u540d\u537b\u9060\u8f03\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u9eef\u6de1\u3002\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684\u6f22\u5f4c\u723e\u9813\uff08Gavin Hamilton, 1723-1798\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u51fa\u982d\u5c31\u524d\u5f80\u7f85\u99ac\uff0c\u4e00\u4e03\u4e94\u4e00\u5e74\u81f3\u4e00\u4e03\u4e94\u516d\u5e74\u77ed\u66ab\u56de\u5230\u502b\u6566\u4ee5\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u7dad\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u7f85\u99ac\u5b9a\u5c45\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u6bc5\u7136\u6c7a\u7136\u6295\u8eab\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4e8b\u696d\u3002\u50be\u5fc3\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5316\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4ea4\u904a\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u6f22\u5f4c\u723e\u9813\uff0c\u5728\u7f85\u99ac\u9664\u4e86\u4f5c\u756b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u5f9e\u4e8b\u85dd\u8853\u7d93\u92b7\u8207\u8003\u53e4\u6316\u6398\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u4e00\u4e03\u4e5d\u516b\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc\u4e00\u4e03\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u8377\u99ac\u53f2\u8a69\u300a\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9e\u5fb7\u300b\u5275\u4f5c\u4e86\u7cfb\u5217\u5927\u5e45\u6cb9\u756b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u73fe\u4eca\u6700\u70ba\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u50b3\u4e16\u756b\u4f5c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u8907\u88fd\u7248\u756b\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\u300c\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08Neo-classicism\uff09\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u6982\u6700\u70ba\u81fa\u7063\u8b80\u8005\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u756b\u5bb6\u5927\u885b\uff08Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u591a\u5c11\u53d7\u5176\u756b\u4f5c\u555f\u767c\u3002[7]<\/a> \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6f22\u5f4c\u723e\u9813\u96d6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7f85\u99ac\u570b\u969b\u6587\u5316\u5708\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u8cde\u8b58\uff0c\u537b\u672a\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u672c\u571f\u5f15\u9818\u756b\u58c7\u8d70\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u9019\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u548c\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8655\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f8c\u4e16\u8a55\u65b7\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u8ffd\u8e64\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6b64\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\u9762\u81e8\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6230\u8207\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002\u7e31\u7136\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4e26\u975e\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u805e\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6240\u5ba3\u63da\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e26\u975e\u5168\u7121\u4f5c\u7528\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4ed6\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u5df2\u70ba\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c07\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u793a\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8eab\u70ba\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u87c4\u5c45\u65bc\u5b78\u9662\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u5167\uff0c\u4e14\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u5bd3\u5c45\u65bc\u502b\u6566\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u9694\u7d55\u65bc\u6b63\u5728\u8b8a\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u5584\u65bc\u793e\u4ea4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4ff1\u6a02\u90e8\u9054\u4eba\u3002\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u7559\u4e16\u7684\u4e0a\u5343\u5e45\u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e00\u7aba\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u6587\u96c5\u793e\u6703\uff08polite society\uff09\u7684\u9762\u5bb9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u9047\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u5176\u85dd\u8853\u4e16\u754c\u3009\uff08\u300a1723\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u768411\u6247\u7a97\u300b\uff09\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u6709\u95dc\u82f1\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u4ea4\u6d41\u8207\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u8996\u91ce\u300d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6b61\u8fce\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u53e6\u884c\u53c3\u95b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u7bc0\u9078\u81ea\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u5176\u85dd\u8853\u4e16\u754c\u3009\uff0c\u6536\u9304\u65bc\u9673\u6b63\u570b\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a1723\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u53f2\u768411\u6247\u7a97\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u806f\u7d93\uff0c2023\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9801302-341\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u8fd1\u671f\u7248\u672c\u53c3\u898bSir Joshua Reynolds, Discourses on Art<\/em>, ed. Robert R. Wark (New Haven and. London: Yale University Press, 1997).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> James Northcote, The Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds<\/em>, second edition (London: Henry Colburn, 1819), vol. ii, p. 243.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Sir Joshua Reynolds, Discourses on Art<\/em>, p. 13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Sir Joshua Reynolds, Discourses on Art<\/em>, pp. 169, 171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Sir Joshua Reynolds, Discourses on Art<\/em>, p. 57.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> \u53c3\u898bDavid Mannings, Sir Joshua Reynolds: A Complete Catalogue of His Paintings<\/em>, 2 vols. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000). \u6b64\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5225\u5217\u51fa\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u300d\u985e\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u4e3b\u984c\u756b\u300d\uff08subject pictures\uff09\u56ca\u62ec\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4e4b\u5916\u66f4\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u756b\u4f5c\uff0c\u7e3d\u5171\u7d04144\u5e45\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5177\u9ad4\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e3b\u984c\u3001\u4e14\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u8f03\u591a\u3001\u756b\u9762\u69cb\u5716\u8f03\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u300d\uff0c\u7d04\u83ab10\u5e45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Lindsay Errington, \u201cGavin Hamilton\u2019s Sentimental Iliad,\u201d The Burlington Magazine<\/em> 120: 898 (Jan. 1978), pp. 10-13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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