{"id":20204,"date":"2025-07-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=20204"},"modified":"2025-07-11T23:08:16","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T15:08:16","slug":"%e5%be%9e%e7%95%ab%e5%b8%83%e5%88%b0%e7%95%ab%e5%ae%b6%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e6%b3%95%e5%9c%8b%e8%97%9d%e8%a1%93%e5%ad%b8%e9%99%a2%e7%9a%84%e6%ae%9e%e8%90%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=20204","title":{"rendered":"\u5f9e\u756b\u5e03\u5230\u756b\u5bb6\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff1a\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u6b9e\u843d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?s=%E6%96%87%EF%BC%8F%E5%8A%89%E8%AB%BA%E6%A8%BA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6587\uff0f\u5289\u8afa\u6a3a<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fee\u7fd2\u73fe\u4ee3\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u6642\u3010\u57161\u3011\uff0c\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0 \uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u756b\u5bb6\u5011\u7d04\u83ab\u57281871\u5e74\u6210\u5718\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u99ac\u5167\uff08Edouard Manet, 1832-1883\uff09\u53db\u9006\u8005\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u8fa6\u500b\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ea4\u4f5c\u54c1\u7d66\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\uff09\u2026\u2026\u5beb\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u756b\u5bb6\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\uff0e\u5eab\u723e\u8c9d\uff08Gustave Courbet, 1819-1877\uff09\u662f\u99ac\u5167\u7684\u524d\u8f29\uff0c1840\u81f350\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5eab\u723e\u8c9d\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u7d93\u4fee\u98fe\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u9109\u6751\u8207\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u919c\u805e\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u62d2\u7d55\u63a7\u5236\u56b4\u683c\u984f\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\u2500\u2500\u9019\u7a2e\u88ab\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u7a31\u70ba\u300e\u88ab\u8214\u62ed\u7684\u5e73\u6ed1\u8868\u9762\u300f\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u756b\u4f5c\u2026\u2026\u3002\u300d<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.musee-orsay.fr\/fr\/oeuvres\/olympia-712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"579\" data-attachment-id=\"20206\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=20206\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic1.jpeg?fit=850%2C579&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"850,579\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pic1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic1.jpeg?fit=850%2C579&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic1.jpeg?resize=850%2C579&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20206\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u3010\u57161\u3011\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\uff0e\u99ac\u5167\uff08Edouard Manet\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5967\u6797\u5339\u4e9e\u300b\uff08Olympia\uff09\uff0c1863\u5e74\uff0c\u6cb9\u5f69\u756b\u5e03\uff0c130.5 x 191 \u516c\u5206\uff0c\u5967\u8cfd\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u85cf\u3002\u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.musee-orsay.fr\/fr\/oeuvres\/olympia-712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5967\u585e\u7f8e\u8853\u9928<\/a>\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u500b\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u4ee3\u8868\u50b3\u7d71\u52e2\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5982\u5eab\u723e\u8c9d\u3001\u99ac\u5167\u53ca\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u8457\u5168\u65b0\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u85dd\u8853\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4ee3\u8868\u73fe\u4ee3\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u5011\u64ca\u6557\u4e86\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5c11\u804a\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u74b0\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u6210\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u9769\u65b0\u3002\u800c\u61f7\u7279\u8207\u61f7\u7279\uff08Harrison C. White [1930-2024] &amp; Cynthia A. White\uff09\u7684\u300a\u756b\u5e03\u8207\u8077\u6daf\u2500\u2500\u6cd5\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9ad4\u5236\u8f49\u79fb\u300b\uff08Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World, 1965\uff09\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u70ba\u4f55\u5b78\u9662\u6703\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u9010\u6f38\u8870\u5f31\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u756b\u5546\uff0d\u85dd\u8a55\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\u66f4\u80fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e319\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\uff0c\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u662f\u5728\u8ddf\u756b\u5546\u8207\u85dd\u8a55\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0b\u5d1b\u8d77 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u8207\u5e74\u5ea6\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u4ecb\u7d39\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b78\u9662\u9084\u672a\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6642\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u756b\u5bb6\u6b64\u4e00\u8077\u696d\u662f\u4ee5\u5e2b\u5f92\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\u8207\u50b3\u627f\uff0c\u5b78\u5f92\u6703\u5728\u5e2b\u5085\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u624b\u85dd\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u7576\u5730\u7684\u884c\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\uff08guild\uff09\u627f\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7acb\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u7576\u5730\u958b\u696d\uff08\u95dc\u65bc\u884c\u6703\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u898b\u7b46\u8005\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0<a href=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/2024\/04\/26\/%e4%b8%ad%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e9%87%91%e5%8c%a0%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%ae%88%e5%89%87\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u3008\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u91d1\u5320\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b88\u5247\u3009<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u56e0\u70ba\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u572817\u4e16\u7d00\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u7e6a\u756b\u96d5\u523b\u5b78\u9662\uff08Acad\u00e9mie royale de peinture et de sculpture\uff09\u8ddf\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u7f8e\u8853\u7cfb\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u5011\u6703\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u7fd2\u756b\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5305\u542b\u85dd\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u5b78\u9662\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u8ddf\u884c\u6703\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u6709\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u2500\u2500\u5b78\u9662\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u6709\u5b78\u8b58\u4e4b\u4eba\u300d\uff0c\u8ddf\u5916\u9762\u958b\u696d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u756b\u5320\uff0f\u756b\u5de5\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u756b\u5bb6\u5927\u885b\uff08Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825\uff09\u5728\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\uff08Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u5341\u4f4d\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u85dd\u8853\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6703\u54e1\uff0c\u800c\u5b78\u9662\u6703\u54e1\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u9662\u6703\u54e1\u63a8\u9078\u51fa\u4f86\u4e14\u662f\u7d42\u8eab\u8077 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u756b\u5bb6\u9019\u500b\u8077\u696d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u4e00\u8def\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u5bb6\u5ead\u9858\u610f\u5c07\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u6821\uff08\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts\uff09\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u6839\u64da\u61f7\u7279\u8207\u61f7\u7279\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u7fd2\u756b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u7af6\u8cfd\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u53c3\u52a0\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u7af6\u5716\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u7b49\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5be6\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u756b\u5c55\u4e2d\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u9019\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u734e\u9805\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u7f85\u99ac\u734e\u300d\uff08Prix de Rome\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u5d07\u5c1a\u53e4\u5178\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u7f85\u99ac\u734e\u7684\u5f97\u734e\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u81f3\u7f85\u99ac\u7576\u5730\u5c31\u8fd1\u5b78\u7fd2\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u85dd\u8853\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u3010\u57162\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/436105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4000\" height=\"2663\" data-attachment-id=\"20211\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=20211\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic2.jpeg?fit=4000%2C2663&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"4000,2663\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pic2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic2.jpeg?fit=1024%2C682&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic2.jpeg?resize=4000%2C2663&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20211\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u3010\u57162\u3011\u5091\u514b\u2014\u8def\u6613\uff0e\u5927\u885b\uff08Jacques-Louis David\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300b\uff08The Death of Socrates\uff09\uff0c1787\u5e74\uff0c\u6cb9\u5f69\u756b\u5e03\uff0c129.5 x 196.2\u516c\u5206\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u85cf\u3002\u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/436105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u7f8e\u8853\u9928<\/a>\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u5728\u57f9\u80b2\u5e74\u8f15\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u4e5f\u5c31\u704c\u8f38\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u756b\u7a2e\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7d66\u5b78\u751f\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u662f\u6309\u7167\u795e\u7684\u6a21\u6a23\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u756b\u7a2e\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6392\u5217\u756b\u7a2e\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u9806\u5e8f\u70ba\uff1a\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u3001\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u756b\u3001\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u3001\u975c\u7269\u756b\uff0f\u98a8\u4fd7\u756b\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5dee\u7570\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u8a55\u5224\u756b\u4f5c\u597d\u58de\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u734e\u9805\u4e5f\u5c31\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7d66\u4e88\u6700\u9ad8\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u7684\u8870\u9000<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u6821\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u4f86\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u8001\u5e2b\u5011\u6f38\u6f38\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u4ed4\u7d30\u638c\u63e1\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u9032\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u60e1\u5316\uff0c\u5f9e18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u81f319\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u591a\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u7684300\u591a\u4ef6\u6210\u9577\u52305000\u591a\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u8a55\u5be9\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u537b\u53ea\u67098\u523015\u4eba\uff0c\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u5916\u5730\u90fd\u662f\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u6703\u54e1\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e5f\u9010\u5e74\u589e\u52a0\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u6642\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u62b1\u6028\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u756b\u64e0\u5728\u4e00\u5806\u756b\u4e2d\u9593\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u597d\u597d\u6b23\u8cde\u3002\u3010\u57163\u3011<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/679634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2915\" height=\"2710\" data-attachment-id=\"20214\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=20214\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic3.jpeg?fit=2915%2C2710&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2915,2710\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"pic3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic3.jpeg?fit=1024%2C952&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/pic3.jpeg?resize=2915%2C2710&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20214\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u3010\u5716\u4e09\u3011\u6b50\u8afe\u9ed1\uff0e\u675c\u7c73\u8036\uff08Honor\u00e9 Daumier\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u5011\u628a\u6211\u7684\u756b\u653e\u5728\u54ea\uff01\u300b\uff08Regardez donc un peu o\u00fb ils ont nich\u00e9 mon cadre!\uff09\u51fa\u81ea1859\u5e744\u670820\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u55a7\u9b27\u5831\u300b\uff08Le Charivari\uff09\uff0c\u77f3\u7248\u5370\u5237\uff0c27.6 x 35.8 \u516c\u5206\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u85cf\u3002\u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/679634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u7f8e\u8853\u9928<\/a>\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u56e0\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u5c0f\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u756b\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u5920\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u756b\u4f5c\u8cb7\u4e3b\u8207\u6f5b\u5728\u59d4\u8a17\u8005\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u734e\u9805\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u734e\u91d1\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u591a\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6795\u7121\u6182\u7684\u904e\u4e0b\u534a\u8f29\u5b50\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u5c55\u4f5c\u54c1\u8b8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e2d\u734e\u6a5f\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7e3d\u7d50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u904e\u591a\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c55\u51fa\u6a5f\u6703\u9396\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6c99\u9f8d\u5167\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u61c9\u6210\u9577\u7684\u92b7\u552e\u6a5f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#0000ff\" class=\"has-inline-color\">\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff1f<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u9762\u5c0d\u756b\u5bb6\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u5708\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u9769\u5b98\u8fa6\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b78\u9662\u61c9\u8a72\u540c\u6642\u8209\u8fa6\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\uff0c\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u985e\u578b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u8b93\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u8ce3\u756b\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u5c55\u89bd\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u9593\u9694\u66f4\u4e45\u624d\u8209\u8fa6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u5df2\u88ab\u5b78\u9662\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u52a0\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u756b\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5247\u662f\u555f\u8fea\u5927\u773e\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u89c0\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u6885\u7d0d\u8fea\uff08Patricia Mainardi, 1942-\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5171\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u300b\uff08The End of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic, 1993\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a31\u524d\u8005\u70ba\u300c\u51fa\u552e\u7528\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u70ba\u300c\u89c0\u770b\u7528\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5206\u91ce\u4e5f\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u5b98\u8fa6\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u81ea18\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u5169\u96e3\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u5e0c\u671b\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u80fd\u5920\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u51fa\u65b0\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u756b\u4f5c\u8207\u96d5\u5851\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u773e\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5049\u5927\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c0d\u591a\u6578\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c55\u89bd\u6a5f\u6703\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u8a08\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u65bc\u662f1880\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u5c07\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u5168\u6b0a\u4ea4\u7d66\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5354\u6703\uff08Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u5247\u53e6\u5916\u898f\u5283\u4e09\u5e74\u5c55\uff08Triennale\uff09\u5c55\u51fa\u5049\u5927\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u85dd\u8853\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6539\u9769\u4f86\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u592a\u9072\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u5c55\u53c3\u89c0\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u8207\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u9060\u9060\u4e0d\u53ca\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee51883\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u5c55\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u5b98\u65b9\u9810\u8a08\u6703\u670915\u842c\u6cd5\u90ce\u7684\u5165\u5834\u8cbb\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u5f8c\u53ea\u6536\u5230\u63a5\u8fd19\u842c\u6cd5\u90ce\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5354\u6703\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u5247\u670930\u842c\u6cd5\u90ce\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u96d6\u7136\u8aaa\u793e\u6703\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u8108\u52d5\u7121\u6cd5\u53cd\u6620\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5c6c\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u53c3\u52a0\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u74e6\uff08Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1841-1919\uff09\u5f8c\u671f\u537b\u81ea\u9858\u56de\u6b78\u5b78\u9662\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\u904e\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u6703\u8cb7\u6709\u5f97\u904e\u5b78\u9662\u734e\u7ae0\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u5b78\u9662\u8a8d\u8b49\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u7e6a\u756b\u5148\u92d2\u7684\u99ac\u5167\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u505c\u6b47\u5730\u3001\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u53c3\u52a0\u6bcf\u6b21\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6c99\u9f8d\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u61f7\u7279\u8207\u61f7\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7684\u78ba\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u8207\u5546\u696d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u4e0b\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u770b\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u5f8c\u9010\u6f38\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c\u756b\u5546\u2014\u2014\u85dd\u8a55\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e09\u65b9\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u73fe\u4ee3\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7684\u8d70\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> \u6587\u53e5\u4e2d\u300c\u63a7\u5236\u56b4\u683c\u984f\u6599\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u756b\u4f5c\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u523b\u610f\u5c07\u756b\u4f5c\u8868\u5c64\u4fee\u98fe\u5f97\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5e73\u6ed1\u3001\u800c\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u984f\u6599\u5857\u62b9\u75d5\u8de1\u7684\u7b46\u6cd5\uff1b\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\u300d\u5247\u662f\u6307\u6975\u5ea6\u7684\u5beb\u5be6\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u756b\u4e2d\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u89c0\u773e\u9032\u5165\u7684\u7acb\u9ad4\u7a7a\u9593\u3002Thomas Folland, \u201cA-Level: \u00c9douard Manet, Olympia,\u201d Smarthistory, July 20, 2017, <a href=\"https:\/\/smarthistory.org\/edouard-manet-olympia-2\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https:\/\/smarthistory.org\/edouard-manet-olympia-2\/<\/a> (accessed Feb 19, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[2]<\/a> Harrison C. White &amp; Cynthia A. White, <em>Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World<\/em> (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[3]<\/a> White &amp; White, <em>Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World<\/em>, pp. 27-30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[4]<\/a> Patricia Mainardi, <em>The end of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic <\/em>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[5]<\/a> Mainardi, <em>The end of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic<\/em>, p. 113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[6]<\/a> Mainardi, <em>The end of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic<\/em>, p. 85.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Armstrong, Peter. \u201cAvant-Garde: the Legacy of Paul Durand-Ruel.\u201d <em>International Journal of Literature and Art <\/em>1, no. 2 (Nov. 2013): 15-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00e9n\u00e9on , F\u00e9lix. \u201cThe Impressionists in 1886,\u201d in Charles Harrison, Paul Wood &amp; Jason Gaiger eds.<em> Art in Theory: 1815-1900 An Anthology of Changing Ideas<\/em> (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2001), pp. 963-970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Folland, Thomas. \u201cA-Level: \u00c9douard Manet, <em>Olympia<\/em>.\u201d Smarthistory, July 20, 2017 <a href=\"https:\/\/smarthistory.org\/edouard-manet-olympia-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/smarthistory.org\/edouard-manet-olympia-2\/<\/a> (accessed February 19, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Green, Nicholas. \u201cDealing in Temperaments: Economic Transformation of the Artistic Field in France during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century,\u201d in Mary Tompkins Lewis ed. <em>Critical Readings in Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: An Anthology<\/em> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), pp. 31-48.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Klein, John. \u201cThe Dispersal of the Modernist Series.\u201d <em>Oxford Art Journal<\/em> 21, no. 1 (1998): 121\u201335.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Mainardi, Patricia. <em>The End of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Tucker, Paul Hayes. \u201cMonet and the Challenges to Impressionism in the 1880s,\u201d in Mary Tompkins Lewis ed. <em>Critical Readings in Impressionism and Post-Impressionism: An Anthology <\/em>(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007), pp. 227-250.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Tucker, Paul Hayes. <em>Monet in the &#8217;90s: the Series Paintings<\/em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">White, Harrison C. &amp; Cynthia A. White. <em>Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World<\/em>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Zarobell, John. \u201cDurand-Ruel and the Market for Modern Art, from 1870 to 1873,\u201d in Sylvie Patry ed. <em>Inventing Impressionism:<\/em> <em>Paul Durand-Ruel and the Modern Art Market <\/em>(London: National Gallery, 2015) pp. 76-97.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3658\" height=\"1414\" data-attachment-id=\"20220\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=20220\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/e692b0e7a8bfe4babae7b0a1e4bb8b_e58a89e8abbae6a8ba.jpg?fit=3658%2C1414&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"3658,1414\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" 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