{"id":3427,"date":"2017-12-01T00:00:50","date_gmt":"2017-11-30T16:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=3427"},"modified":"2020-10-26T18:43:48","modified_gmt":"2020-10-26T10:43:48","slug":"%e6%81%90%e6%80%96%e4%b9%8b%e7%be%8e-%e7%ac%a6%e6%96%af%e7%90%86%e3%80%8a%e5%a4%a2%e9%ad%98%e3%80%8b%e8%88%87%e6%b5%aa%e6%bc%ab%e4%b8%bb%e7%be%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=3427","title":{"rendered":"\u6050\u6016\u4e4b\u7f8e\u2014\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u8207\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u798f\u53f8\u674e\u57161\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 1\u3011\u7b26\u65af\u7406\uff0c\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\uff08The Nightmare, 1781\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6587 \/ \u9ec3\u9708\u8018<\/p>\n

\u300c\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u610f\u7fa9\u5373\u95dc\u6ce8\u500b\u4eba\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6d6a\u6f2b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5be9\u7f8e\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u3001\u72c2\u4e82\u7684\u3002\u5728\u555f\u8499\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u5275\u9020\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6027\u3002\u7b26\u65af\u7406\uff08Henry Fuseli, 1741-1825\uff09\u756b\u4f5c\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\uff08The Nightmare\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u65bc1781\u5e74\u3010\u57161\u3011\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u555f\u8499\u904e\u5f8c\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u5730\u5340\u72c2\u98c6\u904b\u52d5\u98a8\u6f6e\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u8996\u4e4b\u70ba\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u524d\u92d2\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8207\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u300d\u6c7a\u88c2\u7684\u9769\u547d\u5167\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u4e3b\u89d2\u70ba\u4e00\u540d\u6a6b\u8eba\u5973\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u8179\u90e8\u4e0a\u65b9\u8e72\u8e1e\u8457\u60e1\u9b54\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u5922\u9b58\u300d(incubus)\uff0c\u4ea6\u7a31\u5922\u9b54\u3002\u50b3\u8aaa\u5922\u9b58\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u5973\u6027\u719f\u7761\u6642\u4fb5\u8972\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u6027\u4ea4\u3002\u756b\u4e2d\u7260\u8eab\u6750\u7c97\u77ed\uff0c\u80cc\u4e0a\u7121\u9b54\u9b3c\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u8eab\u8ec0\u5f13\u8d77\uff0c\u81c9\u90e8\u5074\u8996\uff0c\u77aa\u5713\u7684\u773c\u795e\u5f77\u5f7f\u7a7f\u904e\u4e8c\u5ea6\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u89c0\u8005\u5c0d\u671b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u756b\u9762\u5de6\u65b9\uff0c\u7c3e\u5e55\u5f8c\u63a2\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u99ac\u982d\uff0c\u96d9\u773c\u4ee5\u586b\u767d\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u986f\u5f97\u7a7a\u6d1e\u800c\u8a6d\u8b4e\u3002\u5973\u5b50\u7671\u8edf\u7684\u59ff\u614b\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u66d6\u6627\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4ecb\u65bc\u7761\u7720\u8207\u660f\u53a5\u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u7576\u6642\u76f8\u7576\u524d\u885b\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5148\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5176\u984c\u6750\u3001\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u55ae\u5c31\u6280\u5de7\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u9020\u578b\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u7d30\u81a9\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u7c97\u7377\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\u52fe\u52d2\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u7d30\u7bc0\u4ea6\u975e\u9762\u9762\u4ff1\u5230\u3001\u7cbe\u6e96\u5beb\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u76ee\u6a19\u8f49\u5411\u6574\u9ad4\u6c23\u6c1b\u7684\u71df\u9020\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u8a6d\u8b4e\u3001\u6232\u5287\u5316\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u6e96\u78ba\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u80a2\u9ad4\u3001\u808c\u8089\u7dda\u689d\u5230\u670d\u98fe\u5e03\u6599\u7684\u76ba\u647a\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u4eba\u7269\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u76f8\u7576\u6b63\u78ba\u3002\u800c\u76f8\u8f03\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7e6a\u756b\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5834\u666f\u8207\u591a\u6a23\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u52fe\u52d2\u5177\u9ad4\u300c\u6545\u4e8b\u300d\uff0c\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u5728\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u300c\u5669\u5922\u300d\u62bd\u8c61\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5177\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u85c9\u5922\u9b54\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6027\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9b3c\u602a\u4ee5\u58d3\u5236\u59ff\u614b\u76e4\u8e1e\u65bc\u5973\u9ad4\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5973\u6027\u5012\u81e5\u4e4b\u7121\u52a9\u53d7\u5bb3\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5099\u53d7\u4fdd\u5b88\u4eba\u58eb\u62a8\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u81ea\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u300c\u5669\u5922\u300d\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u7684\u5922\u5883\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u63cf\u7e6a\u5922\u4e2d\u5834\u666f\u8207\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8f03\u5074\u91cd\u6558\u4e8b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u537b\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u7e6a\u300c\u5669\u5922\u300d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u5448\u73fe\u5669\u5922\u4e2d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6240\u51dd\u8996\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u70ba\u4e00\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u865b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u7269\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u7522\u751f\u8a31\u591a\u4ee5\u5922\u9b58\u70ba\u984c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u4ee5\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u70ba\u6700\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u798f\u53f8\u674e\u57162\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 2\u3011\u63d0\u83f2\u8036\uff0c\u300a\u5669\u5922\u300b(Le Cauchemar, 1894)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u6bd4\u52a0\u5fb7 (Nicolai Abildgaard, 1743-1809)\u7684\u540c\u540d\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b(A Nightmare<\/em>, 1800)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5824\u83f2\u8036 (Eug\u00e8ne Thivier, 1845-1920)\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u5669\u5922\u300b(Le Cauchemar<\/em>, 1894)\u3010\u57162\u3011\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e3b\u984c\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5716\u50cf\u4ea6\u660e\u986f\u53d7\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u675c\u7c73\u57c3 (Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879)\u7684\u6f2b\u756b\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u99ac\u8089\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\u4e14\u6613\u65bc\u6d88\u5316\u300b(Le cheval est un aliment sain et d’une digestion facile<\/em>, 1856)\u3010\u57163\u3011\uff0c1856\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u520a\u767b\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u756b\u5831Le Charivari\u3002\u756b\u9762\u4e2d\u7537\u5b50\u6b63\u719f\u7761\u8457\uff0c\u4e00\u5339\u99ac\u5f9e\u5de6\u5074\u885d\u51fa\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u98db\u64b2\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u96d9\u773c\u5c04\u51fa\u7cbe\u5149\u3002\u7e7c\u627f\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u69cb\u5716\u2014\u2014\u8eba\u81e5\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u53ca\u5176\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u300c\u5669\u5922\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u675c\u7c73\u57c3\u9019\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u8f49\u5316\uff1b\u505a\u5669\u5922\u7684\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5922\u9b58\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u9b54\u9b3c\u5f62\u8c61\u73fe\u8eab\u3002\u756b\u4e2d\u4e26\u7121\u8a6d\u8b4e\u6216\u6050\u6016\u7684\u6c23\u6c1b\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6d41\u9732\u6232\u8b14\u6c23\u606f\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u53cd\u6620\u6642\u4e8b\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u520a\u767b\u5728\u5927\u773e\u50b3\u5a92\u4e0a\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u793e\u6703\u66fe\u4ee5\u99ac\u8089\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u98df\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5ee3\u70ba\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u727d\u6d89\u7576\u6642\u654f\u611f\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u300c\u5669\u5922\u300d\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u88ab\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u99ac\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u300a\u99ac\u8089\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\u4e14\u6613\u65bc\u6d88\u5316\u300b\u5177\u6709\u793e\u6703\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u7576\u4e0b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u798f\u53f8\u674e\u57163\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 3\u3011\u675c\u7c73\u57c3\uff0c\u300a\u99ac\u8089\u6709\u76ca\u5065\u5eb7\u4e14\u6613\u65bc\u6d88\u5316\u300b(Le cheval est un aliment sain et d’une digestion facile, 1856)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u80a1\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\u5373\u662f\u5c0d\u7406\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u9019\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u97f3\u6a02\u4ee5\u8072\u97f3\u5851\u9020\u6c23\u6c1b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u807d\u773e\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002\u800c\u7e6a\u756b\u65b9\u9762\u5247\u51fa\u73fe\u5404\u7a2e\u7684\u300c\u5fc3\u9748\u4e3b\u984c\u300d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5922\u5883\u3001\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u975e\u4e3b\u6d41\u6587\u5316\u7b49\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u6355\u6349\u60f3\u50cf\u53ca\u4e3b\u89c0\u60c5\u611f\uff1b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u85c9\u7531\u63cf\u7e6a\u5916\u5728\u73fe\u8c61\u63a2\u67e5\u5167\u5728\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5167\u5728\u4e4b\u773c\u8a6e\u91cb\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u601d\u53ca\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u9762\u53ca\u8ca0\u9762\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u53ef\u8ac7\u8ac7\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u756b\u5bb6\u54e5\u96c5(Francisco Goya, 1746-1828)\u6240\u7e6a\u300a\u7406\u6027\u6c88\u7761\uff0c\u5fc3\u9b54\u751f\u7109\u300b(El sue\u00f1o de la raz\u00f3n produce monstruos<\/em>, 1799)\u3010\u57164\u3011\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u9285\u7248\u756b\u96c6\u300a\u72c2\u60f3\u66f2\u300b (Los Caprichos<\/em>)\u516b\u5341\u4ef6\u756b\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u756b\u9762\u4e2d\u592e\u81c9\u5b54\u671d\u4e0b\u4f5c\u8db4\u72c0\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u7531\u4ed6\u8eab\u5f8c\u98db\u7ac4\u51fa\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u8c93\u982d\u9df9\u53ca\u8759\u8760\u8c61\u5fb5\u8352\u8a95\u8207\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u8ce6\u4e88\u756b\u9762\u52d5\u614b\u611f\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u7dda\u689d\u7c97\u7377\uff0c\u69cb\u5716\u55ae\u7d14\u3002\u6b64\u756b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u6db5\u5728\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u8207\u760b\u72c2\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u54e5\u96c5\u4e0b\u7684\u8a3b\u8173\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u7406\u6027\u6240\u62cb\u68c4\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u602a\u7269\u3002\u8981\u8207\u5979\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5979\u624d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u5947\u8e5f\u4e4b\u6bcd\u3002\u300d\u53ef\u898b\u54e5\u96c5\u5c0d\u300c\u5fc3\u9b54\uff0f\u760b\u72c2\u300d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u62b1\u6301\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff1b\u65bc\u6b64\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\uff0c\u756b\u9762\u4e2d\u7761\u8457\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4fbf\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u906d\u53d7\u8972\u64ca\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b49\u5f85\u3001\u9818\u53d7\u300c\u760b\u72c2\u300d\u4e4b\u555f\u767c\u9748\u611f\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u65bc\u5553\u8499\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u653e\u68c4\u7406\u6027\u5f8c\u5c07\u906d\u9047\u760b\u72c2\u4e4b\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u798f\u53f8\u88e1\u57164\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 4\u3011\u54e5\u96c5\uff0c\u300a\u7406\u6027\u6c88\u7761\uff0c\u5fc3\u9b54\u751f\u7109\u300b(El sue\u00f1o de la raz\u00f3n produce monstruos, 1799)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u958b\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\u8207\u98a8\u683c\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u6539\u9769\uff1b\u85dd\u8853\u4e4b\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u5728\u512a\u96c5\u6085\u76ee\u3001\u5a1b\u6a02\u89c0\u773e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u50b3\u9054\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u9ede\u800c\u884d\u751f\u6975\u8c50\u5bcc\u591a\u5143\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u7b26\u65af\u7406\u7684\u300a\u5922\u9b58\u300b\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u3001\u672a\u77e5\u3001\u5e7b\u89ba\u3001\u6027\u617e\u7b49\u4eba\u985e\u5167\u5728\u4e4b\u9ed1\u6697\u9762\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u6d6a\u6f2b\u300d\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u300c\u6050\u6016\u300d\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u8a34\u8af8\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Brown, David Blayney. Romanticism<\/em>. New York: Phaidon Press Inc., 2001.<\/li>\n
  2. Lentzsch, Franziska. Fuseli: The Wild Swiss<\/em>. Zu\u0308rich: Scheidegger & Spiess, 2005.<\/li>\n
  3. Myrone, Martin. Gothic nightmares: Fuseli, Blake and the Romantic imagination<\/em>. London: Tate Publishing, 2006.<\/li>\n
  4. Powell, Nicolas. Fuseli: The Nightmare<\/em>. New York: Viking Press Inc., 1972.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\u87a2\u5e55\u5feb\u7167<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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