{"id":3543,"date":"2018-02-09T00:00:23","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T16:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=3543"},"modified":"2020-10-18T12:53:56","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T04:53:56","slug":"%e7%9c%bc%e8%a6%8b%e7%82%ba%e5%af%a6%ef%bc%9f%e8%99%9f%e7%a8%b1%e8%83%bd%e6%8b%8d%e5%88%b0%e9%9d%88%e9%ad%82%e7%9a%84%e6%94%9d%e5%bd%b1%e5%b8%ab%e5%a8%81%e5%bb%89%e3%83%bb%e7%a9%86%e5%8b%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=3543","title":{"rendered":"\u773c\u898b\u70ba\u5be6\uff1f\u865f\u7a31\u80fd\u62cd\u5230\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u5a01\u5ec9\u30fb\u7a46\u52d2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587 \/ \u6728\u6728\u65e5\u5b89<\/p>\n

1872\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u58eb\u8d70\u9032\u5a01\u5ec9\u30fb\u7a46\u52d2\uff08William H. Mumler\uff09\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u61c7\u8acb\u7a46\u52d2\u66ff\u5979\u62cd\u651d\u4e00\u5f35\u7279\u6b8a\u76f8\u7247\u3002\u7167\u7247\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff01\u9019\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u986f\u5f71\u51fa\u5979\u4ea1\u592b\u7684\u9748\u9b42\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u80cc\u5f8c\u74b0\u62b1\u8457\u5979\u7684\u80a9\u8180\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u5973\u58eb\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u524d\u7e3d\u7d71\u6797\u80af\uff08Abraham Lincoln\uff09\u7684\u907a\u5b40\u746a\u9e97\u30fb\u9676\u5fb7\u30fb\u6797\u80af\u592b\u4eba\uff08Mary Todd Lincoln\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u67971\"<\/a>
\u6797\u80af\u592b\u4eba\u59d4\u8a17\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u3002William H. Mumler, Mary Todd Lincoln with Abraham Lincoln’s Spirit, 1872. Albumen silver prints, 10\u00d76 cm, Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u81ea1865\u5e74\u6797\u80af\u7e3d\u7d71\u9047\u523a\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0c\u6797\u80af\u592b\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u904e\u65bc\u60b2\u50b7\uff0c\u6c89\u8ff7\u7be4\u4fe1\u901a\u9748\u9b3c\u9b45\u4e4b\u8aaa\u3002\u800c\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u5c0b\u6c42\u6170\u85c9\u7684\u9867\u5ba2\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u865f\u7a31\u80fd\u5920\u62cd\u5230\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4f55\u65b9\u795e\u8056\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u7a46\u52d2\u539f\u662f\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u73e0\u5bf6\u96d5\u523b\u5e2b\uff0c1861\u5e74\u9593\u6bcf\u9031\u65e5\u90fd\u6703\u5230\u651d\u5f71\u85dd\u5eca\u5b78\u7fd2\u6fd5\u7248\u651d\u5f71\u3002\u67d0\u6b21\u62cd\u651d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7368\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u62cd\u5230\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u62b9\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u7a46\u52d2\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u6e05\u6f54\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u4e14\u5df2\u66dd\u5149\u904e\u7684\u6a21\u7248\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u6709\u500b\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u628a\u9019\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u7d66\u89aa\u53cb\u770b\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u8aaa\u7167\u7247\u7684\u4eba\u5f71\u662f\u5df2\u904e\u4e16\u7684\u8868\u89aa\u4e4b\u9b42\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u958b\u8a2d\u651d\u5f71\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u96d9\u91cd\u66dd\u5149\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6253\u8457\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u540c\u6642\u62cd\u651d\u5230\u6d3b\u4eba\u8207\u6b7b\u4eba\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u7a46\u52d2\u80fd\u5920\u62cd\u651d\u300c\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5c31\u6b64\u50b3\u958b\uff0c\u65bc1860\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u6380\u8d77\u71b1\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a46\u52d2\u4f55\u4ee5\u80fd\u5920\u6380\u8d77\u9019\u9ebc\u5927\u7684\u6ce2\u703e\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7f8e\u570b1850\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u964d\u9748\u6703\uff08s\u00e9ance\uff09\u3001\u5deb\u5e2b\u3001\u9748\u5a92\u7b49\u6709\u95dc\u901a\u9748\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u552f\u9748\u8ad6\uff08spiritualism\uff09\u98a8\u6f6e\u5927\u8208\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u964d\u795e\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u8207\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e4b\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u6642\u651d\u5f71\u6280\u8853\u958b\u59cb\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u651d\u5f71\u5728\u7576\u6642\u662f\u65b0\u8208\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e02\u6c11\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b64\u6280\u8853\u9084\u662f\u6301\u4fdd\u5b88\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u61fc\u6015\u62cd\u7167\u6642\uff0c\u9748\u9b42\u6703\u88ab\u76f8\u6a5f\u5438\u8d70\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\u651d\u5f71\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u79d8\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u4fbf\u9760\u8457\u793e\u6703\u8ff7\u4fe1\u98a8\u6c23\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u4e00\u77e5\u534a\u89e3\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7d93\u71df\u8d77\u300c\u9748\u9b42\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u7684\u751f\u610f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u5317\u6230\u722d\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u81f3\u89aa\u800c\u611f\u5230\u54c0\u615f\u4e0d\u5df2\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u9867\u5ba2\u5f97\u77e5\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u651d\u5f71\u8853\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u62cd\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u8207\u6b7b\u53bb\u89aa\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u7167\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u7d00\u5ff5\u89aa\u4eba\u53ca\u64ab\u6170\u55aa\u89aa\u4e4b\u75db\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u67972\"<\/a>
\u5de6\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u77e5\u540d\u5ee2\u5974\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5a01\u5ec9\u30fb\u52a0\u91cc\u68ee\u3002William H. Mumler, William Lloyd Garrison, 1874. Albumen silver prints, 9.5\u00d75.7 cm, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. \u53f3\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u5c46\u526f\u7e3d\u7d71\u4ea8\u5229\u30fb\u5a01\u723e\u68ee\u3002William H. Mumler, Henry Wilson, 1862-1875. Albumen silver prints, 9.5\u00d75.6 cm, The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u7576\u9867\u5ba2\u4e0a\u9580\uff0c\u7a46\u52d2\u6703\u8207\u5ba2\u6236\u9032\u884c\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u95dc\u65bc\u5ba2\u6236\u60f3\u8981\u986f\u73fe\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u751f\u524d\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u3001\u9084\u5728\u4e16\u6642\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u62cd\u7167\u8cbb\u7528\u5341\u5206\u6602\u8cb4\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u5920\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5920\u62cd\u5230\u9867\u5ba2\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u300c\u9748\u9b42\u300d\u3002\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u591a\u6b21\u524d\u5f80\u651d\u5f71\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5e0c\u5180\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9b42\u9b44\u986f\u73fe\u5728\u76f8\u7d19\u4e2d\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u62cd\u651d\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u7684\u300c\u5b98\u65b9\u8aaa\u6cd5\u300d\uff1a\u8072\u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u7a7a\u96c6\u71b1\u7ba1\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u7576\u96fb\u6d41\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u6a5f\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u5230\u76f8\u6a5f\u4e0a\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u904b\u884c\u767c\u5149\uff0c\u8b93\u9748\u9b42\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u76f8\u7247\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u651d\u5f71\u5feb\u901f\u7ac4\u7d05\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u6c23\u537b\u66f4\u52a0\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\u3002\u81ea\u5f9e1863\u5e74\u4e00\u5f35\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u9748\u9b42\uff0c\u88ab\u6307\u8a8d\u51fa\u7adf\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9084\u6d3b\u8457\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u7834\u89e3\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u62cd\u651d\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u62cd\u51fa\u8207\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u76f8\u7247\uff0c\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u5f15\u8d77\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u57281868\u5e74\u8209\u5bb6\u642c\u9077\u81f3\u7d10\u7d04\uff0c\u91cd\u8d77\u7210\u7076\uff0c\u4f46\u597d\u666f\u4e0d\u5e38\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc1869 \u5e74\u88ab\u4ee5\u8a50\u6b3a\u7f6a\u8d77\u8a34\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u8b49\u64da\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4f46\u7a46\u52d2\u56e0\u8a34\u8a1f\u6848\u8072\u8b7d\u4e00\u843d\u5343\u4e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u651d\u5f71\u751f\u610f\u9010\u6f38\u8d70\u5411\u76e1\u982d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u67973\"<\/a>
\u300a\u54c8\u6f51\u9031\u520a\u300b\uff08Haper\u2019s Weekly\uff09\u520a\u8f09\u7a46\u52d2\u9748\u9b42\u651d\u5f71\u8a34\u8a1f\u5be9\u5224\u7684\u982d\u7248\u5c01\u9762\u3002Harper\u2019s Weekly, cover, May 8, 1869.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u52a0\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u8a50\u6b3a\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u6311\u8d77\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u722d\u8b70\u554f\u984c\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u8207\u7a46\u52d2\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\u4ea8\u5229\u30fb\u7f85\u8cd3\u68ee\uff08Henry Peach Robinson\uff09\u4e4b\u4f5c\u300a\u5f4c\u7559\u300b\uff08Fading Away, 1858\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7167\u7247\u4e14\u860a\u542b\u60bc\u5ff5\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u537b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u67974\"<\/a>
\u82f1\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u4ea8\u5229\u30fb\u7f85\u8cd3\u68ee\u7684\u300a\u5f4c\u7559\u300b\u4e00\u4f5c\u3002Henry Peach Robinson, Fading Away, 1858. Albumen silver prints, 23.8\u00d737.2 cm, The Royal Photographic Society Collection at the National Media Museum, Bradford.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\u7f85\u8cd3\u68ee\u7684\u300a\u5f4c\u7559\u300b\u8207\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5275\u4f5c\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u7f85\u8cd3\u68ee\u628a\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u904b\u7528\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u651d\u5f71\u4e0d\u518d\u50c5\u662f\u8a18\u9304\u73fe\u5be6\u4e8b\u7269\u6a23\u8c8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7167\u7247\u7684\u69cb\u5716\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u6a21\u4eff\u50b3\u7d71\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8b93\u651d\u5f71\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6309\u4e00\u4e0b\u5feb\u9580\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u78ba\u6280\u85dd\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6b64\u7406\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5f8c\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\uff08Pictorialism\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u6a21\u7cca\u651d\u5f71\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u651d\u5f71\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Crista Cloutier, The Perfect Medium Photography and the Occult<\/em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.<\/li>\n
  2. Louis Kaplan, The Strange Case of William Mumler Spirit Photographer. <\/em>Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008.<\/li>\n
  3. Michael Leja, Looking Askance Skepticism and American Art from Eakins to Duchamp<\/em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.<\/li>\n
  4. Mia Fineman, Faking It: Manipulated Photography before Photoshop<\/em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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