{"id":3701,"date":"2018-05-15T00:00:36","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T16:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=3701"},"modified":"2020-10-18T12:49:12","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T04:49:12","slug":"%e6%b1%9f%e6%88%b6%e8%88%87%e6%98%8e%e6%b2%bb%e7%9a%84%e6%96%b0%e8%88%8a%e4%ba%a4%e6%9b%bf%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%89%e4%bb%a3%e6%ad%8c%e5%b7%9d%e5%bb%a3%e9%87%8d%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8a%e5%a4%a7%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=3701","title":{"rendered":"\u6c5f\u6236\u8207\u660e\u6cbb\u7684\u65b0\u820a\u4ea4\u66ff\uff1a\u4e09\u4ee3\u6b4c\u5ddd\u5ee3\u91cd\u7684\u300a\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7522\u5716\u6703\u300b \uff08\u4e2d\u7bc7\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"01<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 1\u3011\u5341\u4e09\u88cf\u756b\u9762\u72c0\u6cc1\u5716\uff08\u4e0a\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\u8f38\u51fa\u4e4b\u5716\u300b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u300a\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\u8f38\u51fa\u4e4b\u5716\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u6bb5\uff09<\/strong>\u3010\u57161\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6587 \/ desolation<\/p>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u7528\u51b0\u6b77\u53f2\u59cb\u65bc\u4ec1\u5fb7\u5929\u768762\u5e74\uff08374\u5e74\uff09\u6642\u8a2d\u7f6e\u51b0\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u85cf\u51b0\u8207\u8cdc\u51b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6[1]<\/a>\u3002\u6c5f\u6236\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u753a\u4eba\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u5de5\u5546\u90fd\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u5230\u9054\u9802\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u737b\u7d0d\u54c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u6b0a\u968e\u7d1a\u4f7f\u7528\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u51b0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6563\u898b\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5eb6\u6c11\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u88e1\u3002\u800c\u51b0\u4f5c\u70ba\u5546\u54c1\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5247\u5f9e\u6587\u53162\u5e74\uff081805\uff09\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u8207\u5916\u570b\u8239\u8236\u5e36\u51b0\u4f86\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u5c0b\u6c42\u8cbf\u6613\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u660e\u6cbb\u521d\u671f\u6b63\u662f\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u51b0\u624d\u80fd\u652f\u6490\u8089\u98df\u7684\u89e3\u7981\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u71b1\u75c5\u6216\u885b\u751f\u7b49\u5c0d\u7b56\u3002[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\u7684\u8a95\u751f\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5609\u6c386\u5e74\uff081853\uff09\u7684\u300c\u9ed1\u8239\u4f86\u822a\u300d\uff0c\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u4f86\u7684\u57f9\u7406\u8266\u968a\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u7de0\u7d50\u65e5\u7f8e\u548c\u89aa\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u4e0b\u7530\u8207\u7bb1\u9928\uff08\u51fd\u9928\u820a\u7a31\uff09\u958b\u6e2f\uff1b\u5b89\u653f5\u5e74\uff081858\uff09\u6642\u7c3d\u8a02\u65e5\u7f8e\u53cb\u597d\u901a\u5546\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u6a6b\u6ff1\u958b\u6e2f\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5916\u570b\u91ab\u5e2b\u9700\u8981\u7528\u51b0\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u71d9\u50b7\u8207\u71b1\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u88fd\u51b0\u8207\u8f38\u9001\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u8def\u5f9e\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u9032\u53e3\u5929\u7136\u51b0\u300c\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u51b0\u300d\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u534a\u5e74\u624d\u62b5\u9054\u6a6b\u6ff1\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u500b\u5951\u6a5f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5148\u660e\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u9678\u7e8c\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u958b\u6e2f\u5730\u6a6b\u6ff1\uff0c\u4e09\u6cb3\uff08\u611b\u77e5\u7e23\u4e2d\u3001\u6771\u90e8\uff09\u7684\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5609\u5175\u885b\uff081817-1897\uff09\u5373\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5609\u5175\u885b\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u99d0\u65e5\u9996\u4ee3\u5916\u4ea4\u516c\u4f7f\u963f\u79ae\u570b\uff08Sir Rutherford Alcock KCB, 1809-1897\uff0c\u65bc1864\u96e2\u65e5\uff09\u7684\u5eda\u5e2b\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4e86\u89e3\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u98f2\u98df\u6587\u5316\u3002\u900f\u904e\u8077\u5834\u5609\u5175\u885b\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u91ab\u7642\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u8d6b\u672c\uff08James Curtis Hepburn, 1815-1911\uff0c1892\u96e2\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u65e5\u8a9e\u62c9\u4e01\u62fc\u97f3\u5e73\u6587\u5f0f\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u8005\uff0c\u8ac7\u53ca\u51b0\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u91ab\u7642\u885b\u751f\u8207\u98df\u54c1\u4fdd\u5b58\u800c\u5f88\u53d7\u555f\u767c[3]<\/a>\u3002\u6587\u4e452\u5e74\uff081861\uff09\uff0c\u5609\u5175\u885b\u6700\u65e9\u7d93\u71df\u725b\u4e73\u8ca9\u8ce3\u6240\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u798f\u6fa4\u8aed\u5409\uff081835-1901\uff09\u63d0\u5021\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u559d\u725b\u4e73\u8207\u5403\u725b\u8089\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u8ca9\u552e\u725b\u8089\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5609\u5175\u885b\u5728\u6176\u61c92\u5e74\uff081866\uff09\u65bc\u6a6b\u6ff1\u5143\u753a\u8ce3\u725b\u8089\u4e26\u8a2d\u7f6e\u51b0\u5ba4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u696d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5982\u4ed6\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u7684\u9806\u5229\u3002\u5f9e\u8acf\u8a2a\u6e56\u3001\u65e5\u5149\u3001\u91dc\u77f3\u3001\u9752\u68ee\u63a1\u51b0\uff0c\u8f38\u9001\u5230\u6a6b\u6ff1\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5168\u6578\u4ee5\u5931\u6557\u544a\u7d42\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u8ca1\u7522\u5e36\u53bb\u5317\u6d77\u9053\uff0c\u8acb\u4f86\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u88fd\u51b0\u6280\u8853\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u698e\u672c\u6b66\u63da\uff081836-1908\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5f9e\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u958b\u62d3\u4f7f\u7684\u9ed1\u7530\u6e05\u9686\uff081840-1900\uff09\u53d6\u5f97\u4e94\u7a1c\u90ed7\u5e74\u7684\u63a1\u51b0\u5c08\u5229\u6b0a\u3002\u660e\u6cbb2\u5e74\uff081869\uff09\uff0c\u501f\u7528\u51fd\u9928\u4e94\u7a1c\u90ed\u7684\u8b77\u57ce\u6cb3\u63a1\u53d6\u5929\u7136\u51b0\uff0c\u8f38\u9001\u5230\u6771\u4eac\u3001\u6a6b\u6ff1\u7684\u8ca9\u552e\u4e5f\u7d42\u65bc\u6210\u529f\u4e86\u3002[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"02<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 2\u3011\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\u770b\u677f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5609\u5175\u885b\u5728\u4e94\u9675\u90ed\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u51b0\u4ee5\u300c\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\u300d\u3010\u57162\u3011\u547d\u540d\u9032\u800c\u92b7\u552e\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7368\u5360\u65e5\u672c\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u51b0\uff0c\u4e94\u9675\u90ed\u51b0\u4e0d\u4f46\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u54c1\u8cea\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6a6b\u6ff1\u5916\u570b\u91ab\u5e2b\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u9867\u5ba2\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7af6\u722d\u4e0a\u52dd\u904e\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u51b0\u3002\u4e94\u7a1c\u90ed\u7684\u6c34\u9053\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u7d50\u51b0\uff0c\u51b0\u7684\u63a1\u4f10\u4e8b\u696d\u9010\u6f38\u6b65\u4e0a\u8ecc\u9053\u3010\u57163\u3011\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u9010\u9000\u5916\u570b\u7522\u7684\u9032\u53e3\u6ce2\u58eb\u9813\u51b0\uff0c\u6709\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u6210\u70ba\u51fd\u9928\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7522\u696d[5]<\/a>\u3002\u660e\u6cbb10\u5e74\uff081877\uff09\uff0c\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\u4e5f\u5728\u6771\u4eac\u8209\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u570b\u5167\u5de5\u5546\u535a\u89bd\u6703\u88e1\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u7b49\u734e\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u734e\u724c\u6709\u9f8d\u7684\u7d0b\u6a23\uff0c\u5609\u5175\u885b\u4fbf\u628a\u5546\u54c1\u6539\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u9f8d\u7d0b\u51b0\u300d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u773e\u559c\u611b\u800c\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4eba\u6c23\u3002<\/p>\n

\"03<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 3\u3011\u5207\u53d6\u51fd\u9928\u51b0\uff0e\u4e94\u7a1c\u90ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u300a\u5343\u5cf6\u570b\u6355\u6d77\u737a\u4e4b\u5716\u300b\uff08\u4e0b\u6bb5\uff09<\/strong>\u3010\u57164\u3011<\/p>\n

\"01<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 4\u3011\u5341\u4e09\u88cf\u756b\u9762\u72c0\u6cc1\u5716\uff08\u4e0b\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5343\u5cf6\u570b\u6355\u6d77\u737a\u4e4b\u5716\u300b<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6d77\u737a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ea4\u6613\u54c1\u7684\u8a18\u9332\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4e2d\u4e16\u5230\u8fd1\u4e16\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6d77\u737a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9102\u970d\u6b21\u514b\u6587\u5316\u88e1\u5728\u5343\u5cf6\u7fa4\u5cf6\u6355\u7372\u7684\u6d77\u737a\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u5eab\u9801\u5cf6\u904b\u9001\u5230\u9ed1\u9f8d\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u958b\u59cb\u5eab\u9801\u5cf6\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u6bdb\u76ae\u6d41\u901a[6]<\/a>\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u756b\u9762\u7684\u984c\u540d\u4ee5\u6f22\u5b57\u8868\u8a18\u70ba\u300c\u6d77\u737a\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u300c\u7375\u864e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u737a\u864e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6d77\u864e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u843d\u864e\u300d\u7b49\u8868\u8a18\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u8a9e\u88e1\u90fd\u8b80\u4f5c\u300cRacco\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u611b\u52aa\u6c11\u65cf\u96d6\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c31\u6709\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6d77\u737a\u76ae\u9769\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4eba\u5f80\u9102\u970d\u6b21\u514b\u4ea4\u6d41\u5708\u767c\u5c55\u5df2\u662f17\u4e16\u7d00\u5de6\u53f3\u4e86\u3002\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5728\u6b64\u4e16\u7d00\u8f49\u63db\u671f\u9593\u5f81\u670d\u582a\u5bdf\u52a0\u534a\u5cf6\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88e1\uff0c\u963f\u7279\u62c9\u7d22\u592b\uff08Vladimir Atlasov, 1661-1711\uff09\u62ef\u6551\u88ab\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4fd8\u865c\u7684\u96e3\u6c11\u50b3\u5175\u885b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u5e36\u5230\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u50b3\u5175\u885b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u9996\u6b21\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u6709\u6240\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3002[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u63ed\u958b\u6d77\u737a\u72e9\u7375\u5e8f\u5e55\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u6d77\u8ecd\u4efb\u8077\u7684\u4e39\u9ea5\u4eba\u767d\u4ee4\uff08Vitus Jonassen Bering, 1681-1741\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc1724\u5e74\u63a5\u53d7\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d\u4e00\u4e16\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u5317\u6975\u6d77\u958b\u767c\u9023\u63a5\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u822a\u7dda\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u63a2\u96aa\u8003\u5bdf\u968a\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e9e\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9678\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u8003\u5bdf\u968a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u7acb\u4fc4\u7f8e\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u9732\u7c73\u4f1a\u793e\uff0c1799-1863\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u70ba17\u4e16\u7d00\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6bdb\u76ae\u4f9b\u61c9\u570b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"04<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 5\u3011\u963f\u7559\u7533\u7684\u4e09\u4eba\u76ae\u821f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u7576\u6642\u963f\u7559\u7533\u7fa4\u5cf6\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u963f\u7559\u7533\u4eba\u4e58\u5750\u76ae\u8247\uff08\u4fc4\u8a9e\u662f\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\uff09\u3010\u57165\u3011\u5728\u6ce2\u6fe4\u6d36\u6e67\u7684\u6d77\u6d0b\u72e9\u7375\u6d77\u7378\uff0c\u9678\u5730\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7375\u4eba\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u76ae\u8247\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u9b5a\u53c9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u4eba\u53ea\u597d\u96c7\u7528\u963f\u7559\u7533\u7375\u4eba\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u5011\u72e9\u7375\u6d77\u737a\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u6bdb\u76ae\u3002[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5b89\u653f2\u5e74\uff081855\uff09\u7de0\u7d50\u65e5\u4fc4\u548c\u89aa\u4e0b\u7530\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u8207\u9ed1\u7530\u6e05\u9686\u6df1\u4ea4\u7684\u99d0\u4fc4\u7279\u547d\u5168\u6b0a\u5927\u4f7f\u698e\u672c\u6b66\u63da\u5728\u660e\u6cbb8\u5e74\uff081875\uff09\u8207\u4fc4\u5168\u6b0a\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7c3d\u7f72\u5eab\u9801\u5cf6\u30fb\u5343\u5cf6\u7fa4\u5cf6\u4ea4\u63db\u689d\u7d04\u3002\u689d\u7d04\u7de0\u7d50\u7684\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6d77\u7378\u76dc\u7375\u8005\u65af\u8afe\uff08Henry James Snow, 1848-?\uff09\u7684\u300e\u5343\u5cf6\u5217\u5cf6\u660e\u8a18\u300f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u671f\u5728\u5f97\u64ab\u5cf6\u7fa4\u68f2\u7684\u6d77\u737a\u6355\u7372\u6578\u5df2\u964d\u5230\u5e74\u95931500\u982d\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u53ef\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5df2\u5931\u53bb\u9b45\u529b\u3002[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5343\u5cf6\u7fa4\u5cf6\u7684\u6d77\u737a\u72e9\u7375\u56e0\u70ba\u82f1\u7f8e\u7684\u76dc\u7375\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u7684\u58df\u65b7\u5c40\u52e2\u9010\u6f38\u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb6\u5e74\uff081873\uff09\u6642\u958b\u62d3\u4f7f\u96c7\u7528\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u4f7f\u6d77\u737a\u72e9\u7375\u6210\u70ba\u570b\u71df\u4e8b\u696d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb28\u5e74\uff081895\uff09\u4e5f\u5236\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u6d77\u737a\u6d77\u72d7\u7375\u6cd5\u300d\uff08\u731f\u864e\u8183\u80ad\u7363\u731f\u6cd5\uff09\u3002[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u7530\u53e3\u54f2\u4e5f\u300e\u6c37\u306e\u6587\u5316\u53f2\uff1a\u4eba\u3068\u6c37\u3068\u306e\u3075\u308c\u3042\u3044\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u300f\u51b7\u51cd\u98df\u54c1\u65b0\u805e\u793e\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff0c121-122\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u732a\u4e0a\u5fb3\u96c4\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u6c37\u696d\u958b\u59cb\u3068\u725b\u8089\u4fdd\u5b58\u306b\u8ca2\u732e\u3057\u305f\u51fd\u9928\u6c37\u300d\u300e\u51fd\u9928\u77ed\u671f\u5927\u5b66\u7d00\u8981\u300f34\uff0c2008\u5e74\uff0c43\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u4f0a\u6d25\u91ce\u5fe0\u7537\u8457\u3001\u8fb2\u6797\u7d71\u8a08\u5354\u4f1a\u7de8\u300c\u65e5\u672c\u98df\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u8b1b-3-\u98df\u8089\u30fb\u88fd\u6c37\u4e8b\u696d\u306e\u5148\u899a\u8005\u3000\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5609\u5175\u885b\u300d\u300e\u8fb2\u6797\u7d71\u8a08\u8abf\u67fb\u300f35(3)\uff0c1985.03\uff0c52\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u6c37\u3068\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3008\u7b2c\u4e00\u56de\u3009\u4e2d\u5ddd\u5609\u5175\u885b\u3068\u6c37\u696d\u306e\u306f\u3058\u307e\u308a\u7db2\u9801(https:\/\/www.nichirei.co.jp\/koras\/category\/ice_history\/001.html<\/a> 2017.02.09\u95b2\u89a7)<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u4e94\u7a1c\u90ed\u30bf\u30ef\u30fc\u516c\u5f0f\u7db2\u9801\u3000\u4e94\u7a1c\u90ed\u306e\u6b74\u53f2<\/p>\n

(http:\/\/www.goryokaku-tower.co.jp\/html\/goryokaku\/goryokaku.html<\/a> 2017.02.09\u95b2\u89a7)<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u95a2\u53e3\u660e\u300c\u4e2d\u4e16\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u5317\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u3068\u30e9\u30c3\u30b3\u76ae\u4ea4\u6613\uff1a\u30a2\u30a4\u30cc\u6c11\u65cf\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u3067\uff08\u6539\u8a02\u7248\uff09\u300d\u300e\u5317\u6d77\u9053\u5927\u5b66\u7dcf\u5408\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u300f\u7b2c\u516d\u5377\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff0c47\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u4f50\u3005\u6728\u53f2\u90ce\u300c\u66f8\u8a55\u3000\u68ee\u6c38\u8cb4\u5b50\u8457\u300e\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u62e1\u5927\u3068\u6bdb\u76ae\u4ea4\u661316\uff5e19\u4e16\u7d00\u30b7\u30d9\u30ea\u30a2\u30fb\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u306e\u5546\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u300f\u300d\u300e\u5317\u65b9\u4eba\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u300f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff0c101\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u5bae\u5d0e\u6b63\u52dd\u3001\u6cb3\u8cc0\u5065\u592a\u90ce\u3001\u6a2a\u8c37\u7559\u7f8e\u300c\u300e\u5171\u751f\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u300f\u3078\u306e\u6559\u8a13\u2015\u30e9\u30c3\u30b3\u306e\u6d77\u306f\u3053\u3046\u3057\u3066\u6d88\u6ec5\u3057\u305f\u2015\u300d\u300e\u74b0\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u300f\u7b2c4\u5377\u7b2c2\u865f\uff0c2001\u5e74\uff0c124\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u5bae\u5d0e\u6b63\u52dd\u300c\u30aa\u30db\u30fc\u30c4\u30af\u4ea4\u6d41\u570f\u306e\u53f2\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u9032\u51fa\u5f8c\u306e\u30aa\u30db\u30fc\u30c4\u30af\u4ea4\u6d41\u570f\u3068\u65e5\u672c\u300d\u300e\u3078\u304d\u5730\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u7a76\u300f\u7b2c57\u865f\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c166-167\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u300c\u7bb1\u9928\u304b\u3089\u8fd1\u4ee3\u90fd\u5e02\u51fd\u9928\u3078\u300d\u300e\u51fd\u9928\u5e02\u53f2\u300f\u901a\u8aac\u7de8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\u7b2c\u56db\u7de8\u3001\u51fd\u9928\u5e02\u30011980\u5e74\uff0c1176-1183\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u87a2\u5e55\u5feb\u7167<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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