{"id":5070,"date":"2019-10-31T23:55:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T15:55:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5070"},"modified":"2020-09-25T19:07:59","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T11:07:59","slug":"%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%89%e8%97%9d%e8%a1%93%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%81%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5070","title":{"rendered":"\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u55ce\uff01\uff08\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6587 \/ \u8b1d\u4f73\u5a1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u7bc7\u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728Gombrich\u773c\u88e1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7121\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u3002\u4ed6\u8b1b\u8ff0\u6700\u591a\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u516d\u4f4d\uff1a\u970d\u52a0\u65af\u3001\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u3001\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u3001\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u3001\u900f\u7d0d\u3001\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\uff1b\u524d\u4e09\u4f4d\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662fGombrich\uff08\u6216\u8aaa\u4efb\u4f55\u897f\u65b9\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\uff09\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8b1b\u7684\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b57\u88e1\u884c\u9593\u771f\u6b63\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u8b9a\u8a31\u4e4b\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u3001\u900f\u7d0d\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u9019\u4e09\u4f4d\u756b\u5bb6\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6253\u7834\u300d\u7684\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e09\u4eba\u6240\u8655\u7684\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4e2d\u4f4d\u8655\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u300d\u8207\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u300d\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u671f\u3002\u5982\u540c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u756b\u5bb6\u54e5\u96c5\uff08Francisco Goya, 1746-1828\uff09\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u7406\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u5730\u628a\u79c1\u4eba\u5922\u5e7b\u6ce8\u5165\u756b\u9762\u4e0a<\/span>\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\uff0c\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u5247\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u6372\u7e8f\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u62d2\u7d55\u63cf\u7e6a\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u773c\u4f86\u5275\u4f5c\u22ef\u22ef\u4ed6\u662f\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6709\u610f\u9055\u6297\u65e2\u5b9a\u50b3\u7d71\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u22ef\u22ef<\/span>\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u3010\u57161\u3011<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5072\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5072\" style=\"width: 750px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/research\/collection_online\/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1344764&amp;partId=1&amp;fbclid=IwAR2pAi8A2TUziD7UvajC-6na4StVYfy6e9jWd0kbZCLF306DpqACam1UWPQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5072\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5072\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/william-blake-the-ancient-of-days.jpg?fit=750%2C1136&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"750,1136\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"William Blake, The Ancient of Days\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 1\u3011William Blake, The Ancient of Days, 1794. Relief etching with hand colouring, 23.3 x 16.8 cm. \u00a9 British Museum.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/william-blake-the-ancient-of-days.jpg?fit=676%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5072\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/william-blake-the-ancient-of-days.jpg?resize=750%2C1136&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"William Blake, The Ancient of Days\" width=\"750\" height=\"1136\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5072\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 1\u3011William Blake, The Ancient of Days, 1794. Relief etching with hand colouring, 23.3 x 16.8 cm. \u00a9 British Museum.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">Gombrich\u96d6\u7136\u7d66\u4e88\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u6b63\u9762\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u6df1\u77e5\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u5faa\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8def\u7dda\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u5c0d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u8d77\u5230\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5169\u4f4d\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u5bb6\u3002Gombrich\u662f\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u5230\u900f\u7d0d\u3010\u57162\u3011\u8207\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u3010\u57163\u3011\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u64c1\u6709\u9078\u64c7\u984c\u6750\u7684\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u52a9\u9577\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7e6a\u756b\u90e8\u9580\u2014\u2014\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c<strong>\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0a\u5949\u9760\u63cf\u7e6a<u>\u9109\u6751\u623f\u5b50\u3001\u516c\u5712\u6216\u5982\u756b\u5730\u9ede<\/u>\u7b49\u666f\u7dfb\u7dad\u751f\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u900f\u904e\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u7684<u>\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7cbe\u795e<\/u>\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u59cb\u5c07\u6b64\u985e\u578b\u7684\u756b\u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u4e00\u65b0\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u751f\u547d\u76ee\u7684\u3002<u>\u50b3\u7d71<\/u>\u65bc\u6b64\u8b8a\u6210\u662f\u52a9\u76ca\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u963b\u7919\uff1b\u800c\u53bb\u89c0\u770b\u5169\u4f4d\u540c\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6b64\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8655\u7406\u6709\u591a\u9ebd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u900f\u7d0d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u6709\u9ede\u4ee4\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u8207\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u4e4b\u5c0d\u6bd4\u22ef\u22ef\u3002<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5074\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5074\" style=\"width: 1503px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgallery.org.uk\/paintings\/joseph-mallord-william-turner-dido-building-carthage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5074\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5074\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c962e38091j.-m.-w.-turner-dido-building-carthage-or-the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire.png?fit=1503%2C1007&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1503,1007\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57162\u3011J. M. W. Turner, Dido building Carthage, or The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 2\u3011J. M. W. Turner, Dido building Carthage, or The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire, 1815. Oil on canvas, 155.5 x 230 cm. \u00a9 National Gallery, London.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c962e38091j.-m.-w.-turner-dido-building-carthage-or-the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire.png?fit=1024%2C686&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5074\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c962e38091j.-m.-w.-turner-dido-building-carthage-or-the-rise-of-the-carthaginian-empire.png?resize=1503%2C1007&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57162\u3011J. M. W. Turner, Dido building Carthage, or The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire\" width=\"1503\" height=\"1007\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5074\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 2\u3011J. M. W. Turner, Dido building Carthage, or The Rise of the Carthaginian Empire, 1815. Oil on canvas, 155.5 x 230 cm. \u00a9 National Gallery, London.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5076\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5076\" style=\"width: 1719px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgallery.org.uk\/paintings\/john-constable-the-hay-wain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5076\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5076\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c963e38091john-constable-the-hay-wain.jpg?fit=1719%2C1209&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1719,1209\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57163\u3011John Constable, The Hay-Wain\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 3\u3011John Constable, The Hay-Wain, 1821. Oil on canvas, 130 x 185 cm. \u00a9 National Gallery, London. \u6b64\u4f5c\u65bc1824\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5b78\u9662\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u4e2d\u5c55\u51fa\u3002&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c963e38091john-constable-the-hay-wain.jpg?fit=1024%2C720&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5076\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c963e38091john-constable-the-hay-wain.jpg?resize=1719%2C1209&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57163\u3011John Constable, The Hay-Wain\" width=\"1719\" height=\"1209\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 3\u3011John Constable, The Hay-Wain, 1821. Oil on canvas, 130 x 185 cm. \u00a9 National Gallery, London. \u6b64\u4f5c\u65bc1824\u5e74\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5b78\u9662\u6c99\u9f8d\u5c55\u4e2d\u5c55\u51fa\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u4e14\u5148\u653e\u4e0b\u9019\u6bb5\u76f8\u7576\u503c\u5f97\u73a9\u5473\u7684\u8a71\u3002\u8981\u5148\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86\u900f\u7d0d\u8207\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u5169\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u7406\u5ff5\u8207\u624b\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0cGombrich\u7684\u7d50\u8a9e\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u8a55\u50f9\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u6253\u7834\u50b3\u7d71\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u900f\u7d0d\u8207\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u7e6a\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u8a69\u4eba\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u64bc\u52d5\u8207\u6232\u5287\u6548\u679c\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u56fa\u5b88\u773c\u524d\u7684\u756b\u984c\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u5168\u526f\u7684\u6548\u529b\u8207\u5fe0\u5be6\u53bb\u63a2\u8a0e\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u22ef\u22ef\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6d3e\u756b\u5bb6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u8072\u540d\u6709\u591a\u5049\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f9d\u5faa\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u53bb\u767c\u89ba\u773c\u775b\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u800c\u4e0d\u50b3\u559a\u8a69\u610f\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u7372\u6709\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u66f4\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u7684\u8b9a\u8b7d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u4e26\u975eGombrich\u6240\u7368\u6709\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u4ed6\u4e00\u8f29\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3001\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7f8e\u5b78\u8207\u585e\u5c1a\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u8005\u5f17\u840a\uff08Roger Fry, 1866-1934\uff09\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u5df2\u5c55\u73fe\u3002\u5f17\u840a\u65bc1934\u5e74\u91dd\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u502b\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u5c55\u300d\uff08Exhibition of British Art, c.1000-1860\uff09\u7d66\u4e88\u5169\u5834\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u51fa\u7248\u6210\u300a\u53cd\u601d\u82f1\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u300b\uff08<em>Reflections on British Painting<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5373\u4ee5\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u70ba\u5168\u66f8\u7d42\u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u8996\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u7e6a\u756b\u9010\u6f38\u8d70\u5411\u300c\u767c\u73fe\u8868\u8c61\u300d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u8377\u862d\u7e6a\u756b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u6cd5\u570b\u5370\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u929c\u63a5\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u8207Gombrich\u540c\u8f29\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08Kenneth Clark, 1903-1983\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u98a8\u666f\u5165\u85dd\u300b\uff08Landscape into Art\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u66f8\u539f\u70ba\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u64d4\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u53f2\u96f7\u5fb7\u7f8e\u8853\u8b1b\u5ea7\uff08Slade Professor of Fine Art\uff09\u6642\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u7a3f\uff0c1949\u5e74\u9996\u5ea6\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u53ea\u6bd4Gombrich\u7684\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u65e9\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[5]<\/a> \u300a\u98a8\u666f\u5165\u85dd\u300b\u548c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee5\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u70ba\u6574\u9ad4\u89c0\u5bdf\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u7279\u5225\u4ee5\u300c\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u300d\u70ba\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u897f\u65b9\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u7684\u5c08\u8ad6\u3002\u5728\u5206\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u8d77\u81f3\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u300c\u8c61\u5fb5\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5e7b\u60f3\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u300d\u7b49\u985e\u578b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u8996\u89ba\u300d\uff08The Natural Vision\uff09\u300d\u4fbf\u4ee5\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u70ba\u9996\u5148\u5165\u5834\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u6709\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u8a31\u591a\u9583\u4eae\u7684\u6d77\u908a\u666f\u8272\u662f\u6700\u300e\u5370\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f0f\u300f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e26\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u9810\u544a\u4e86\u99ac\u5948 (Manet)\u3001\u60e0\u65af\u52d2 (Whistler) \u8207\u5a01\u723e\u68ee\u30fb\u53f8\u63d0\u723e (Wilson Steer) \u7684\u51fa\u73fe<\/span>\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[6]<\/a> \u3010\u57164\u3011\u540c\u4e00\u7ae0\u96a8\u5f8c\u767b\u5834\u7684\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5df4\u6bd4\u677e\u6d3e\u756b\u5bb6\u76e7\u68ad\uff08Th\u00e9odore Rousseau\uff09\u3001\u67ef\u6d1b\uff08Corot\uff09\u3001\u63a5\u8457\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5eab\u723e\u8c9d\uff08Gustave Courbet\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5247\u662f\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u756b\u5bb6\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5079\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5079\" style=\"width: 1267px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/collections.vam.ac.uk\/item\/O125137\/hove-beach-with-fishing-boats-oil-john-constable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5079\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5079\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c964e38091john-constable-hove-beach-with-fishing-boats.jpg?fit=1267%2C802&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1267,802\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57164\u3011John Constable, Hove Beach, with Fishing Boats\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 4\u3011John Constable, Hove Beach, with Fishing Boats, c. 1824. Oil on paper laid on canvas, 29.8 x 49.2 cm. \u00a9 Victoria and Albert Museum, London.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c964e38091john-constable-hove-beach-with-fishing-boats.jpg?fit=1024%2C648&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5079\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c964e38091john-constable-hove-beach-with-fishing-boats.jpg?resize=1267%2C802&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57164\u3011John Constable, Hove Beach, with Fishing Boats\" width=\"1267\" height=\"802\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5079\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 4\u3011John Constable, Hove Beach, with Fishing Boats, c. 1824. Oil on paper laid on canvas, 29.8 x 49.2 cm. \u00a9 Victoria and Albert Museum, London.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u90a3\u9ebc\u900f\u7d0d\u5462\uff1f\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u548cGombrich\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u8996\u70ba\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u5176\u756b\u9762\u4e0a\u81ea\u7531\u63ee\u7051\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u8207\u5149\u7dda\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u300c\u5317\u65b9\u4e4b\u5149\u300d\u5927\u534a\u7bc7\u5e45\u90fd\u5728\u8ac7\u900f\u7d0d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u4e5f\u660e\u767d\u9ede\u51fa\uff0c\u900f\u7d0d\u5728\u4e16\u6642\u5176\u5be6\u53d7\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u56b4\u53b2\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5192\u72af\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u3002\u4ed6\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u900f\u7d0d\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5e36\u4f86\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u7121\u4eba\u77e5\u66c9\u5176\u901f\u5beb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u5e7e\u4ef6\u51fa\u73fe\u57281906\u5e74\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u5716\u756b\u592a\u6d3b\u6f51\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u7576\u6642\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u58c7\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u53c8\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u760b\u72c2\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u898b\u6548\u679c\u3002\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u602a\u7570\u4e3b\u984c\u53ca\u756b\u5f97\u4e0d\u600e\u9ebc\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5192\u72af\u4e86\u6cd5\u570b\u54c1\u5473\u3002\u4f0f\u723e\u6cf0\u8a55\u8ad6\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9e\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u900f\u7d0d\u7684\u300a\u5974\u96b8\u8239\u300b\uff08<em>Slave Ship<\/em>\uff09\u3010\u57165\u3011\uff1b\u5f9e\u55ac\u6cbb\u30fb\u535a\u8499\u7279\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir George Beaumont\uff09\u5230\u7f85\u5091\u30fb\u5f17\u840a\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u8457\u53e4\u5178\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u4eba\u9084\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5eb8\u4fd7\u3001\u7121\u5e8f\u3002\u22ef\u22ef\u6b64\u6642\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u6b63\u5f80\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u8d70\uff0c\u6b63\u70ba\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u800c\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u9084\u662f\u88ab\u516c\u8a8d\u6240\u5411\u62ab\u9761\u3002<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5082\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5082\" style=\"width: 1950px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.mfa.org\/objects\/31102\/slave-ship-slavers-throwing-overboard-the-dead-and-dying-t?ctx=d263168f-dc19-4580-8d81-9b2d80554e2c&amp;idx=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5082\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5082\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c964e38091j.m.w.-turner-slave-ship.png?fit=1950%2C1468&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1950,1468\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57164\u3011J.M.W. Turner, Slave Ship\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 5\u3011J.M.W. Turner, Slave Ship, 1840. Oil on canvas, 90.8 x 122.6 cm. \u00a9 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c964e38091j.m.w.-turner-slave-ship.png?fit=1024%2C771&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5082\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e38090e59c964e38091j.m.w.-turner-slave-ship.png?resize=1950%2C1468&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57164\u3011J.M.W. Turner, Slave Ship\" width=\"1950\" height=\"1468\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5082\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 5\u3011J.M.W. Turner, Slave Ship, 1840. Oil on canvas, 90.8 x 122.6 cm. \u00a9 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u5370\u8c61\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u555f\u8fea\u8005\uff0c\u900f\u7d0d\u5247\u662f\u9019\u80a1\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u9006\u6d41\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u516c\u5141\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u9084\u503c\u5f97\u5546\u69b7\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65b7\u62d3\u5c55\u8207\u524d\u9032\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u518d\u56de\u904e\u4f86\u770b\u4e0a\u8ff0Gombrich\u5c0d\u900f\u7d0d\u8207\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u5bb6\u6253\u7834\u7684\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u300d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e26\u7121\u96bb\u5b57\u7247\u8a9e\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u9760\u63cf\u7e6a\u9109\u6751\u623f\u5b50\u3001\u516c\u5712\u6216\u5982\u756b\u5730\u9ede\u7b49\u666f\u7dfb\u7dad\u751f\u7684\u756b\u5bb6<\/span>\u300d\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u756b\u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\uff1f\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u7b97\u5165\u300c\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u5f85\u4e0b\u56de\u518d\u8ad6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> E. H. Gombrich\u8457\uff0c\u96e8\u4e91\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u806f\u7d93\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u9801488\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> E. H. Gombrich\u8457\uff0c\u96e8\u4e91\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u9801490\u3001492\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[3]<\/a> E. H. Gombrich\u8457\uff0c\u96e8\u4e91\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u9801492\u3002\u7c97\u9ad4\u8207\u5e95\u7dda\u70ba\u7b46\u8005\u6240\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[4]<\/a> E. H. Gombrich\u8457\uff0c\u96e8\u4e91\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u9801497\u3002\u7c97\u9ad4\u70ba\u7b46\u8005\u6240\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[5]<\/a> Kenneth Clark\u96a8\u5f8c\u53c8\u51fa\u7248\u591a\u672c\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u88f8\u85dd\u8853\uff1a\u63a2\u7a76\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5f62\u5f0f\u300b\uff08<em>The Nude: a Study in Ideal Form<\/em>, 1956\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff08<em>Civilization<\/em>, 1969\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u300a\u98a8\u666f\u5165\u85dd\u300b\u65bc1976\u5e74\u64f4\u5145\u518d\u7248\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u8b6f\u672c\u65bc2013\u5e74\u9996\u5ea6\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[6]<\/a> Kenneth Clark\u8457\uff0c\u5ed6\u65b0\u7530\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u98a8\u666f\u5165\u85dd\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5178\u85cf\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff0c\u9801159\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[7]<\/a> Kenneth Clark\u8457\uff0c\u5ed6\u65b0\u7530\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u98a8\u666f\u5165\u85dd\u300b\uff0c\u9801198-199\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"371\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=371\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?fit=1842%2C657&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1842,657\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"0001-4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?fit=1024%2C365&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-371 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?resize=1842%2C657&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"0001-4\" width=\"1842\" height=\"657\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u4e2dGombrich\u96d6\u7136\u7d66\u4e88\u5e03\u96f7\u514b\u6b63\u9762\u8a55\u50f9\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u5c0d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u85dd\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u8d77\u5230\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5169\u4f4d\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u5bb6\uff1a\u900f\u7d0d\u8207\u5eb7\u65af\u5854\u4f2f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108978086,"featured_media":5095,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[535298225],"tags":[2638981,314718936,316204882,587444808,30719683,664364,11182813,688824909],"class_list":["post-5070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-535298225","tag-e-h-gombrich","tag-314718936","tag-316204882","tag-587444808","tag-30719683","tag-kenneth-clark","tag-roger-fry","tag-688824909"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7OKcw-1jM","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4976,"url":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=4976","url_meta":{"origin":5070,"position":0},"title":"\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u55ce\uff01\uff08\u4e0a\u7bc7\uff09","author":"arthistorystroll","date":"2019-10-24","format":false,"excerpt":"\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u55ce\uff1f\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u85c9\u7531E. 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