{"id":5239,"date":"2019-11-21T23:55:17","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T15:55:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5239"},"modified":"2019-11-17T15:49:37","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T07:49:37","slug":"%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ab%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%89%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%a8%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e6%99%af%e7%95%ab%ef%bc%9f%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8b%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5239","title":{"rendered":"\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\uff1f\uff08\u4e0b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u73fe\u4eca\u300c\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u300d\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u60f3\u5230\u300c\u5beb\u751f\u300d\uff1b\u65e9\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u5404\u5730\u5c0b\u627e\u3001\u63cf\u7e6a\u5982\u756b\u98a8\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u851a\u70ba\u98a8\u6f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/2019\/11\/14\/%e5%8d%81%e5%85%ab%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e8%8b%b1%e5%9c%8b%e6%9c%89%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%a8%a3%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%a8%e6%99%af%e7%95%ab%ef%bc%9f%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\uff1f\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/a>\u7bc7\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u9ad4\u5236\u4e0b\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5efa\u69cb\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5230\u6236\u5916\u5beb\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u756b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u5167\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u55ce\uff1f\u6709\u7684\u3002\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\uff08Thomas Gainsborough, 1727-1788\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u4e5f\u66fe\u756b\u904e\u5730\u8a8c\u5f0f\u666f\u89c0\u756b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u4e2d\u665a\u5e74\u537b\u53ea\u5275\u4f5c\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u300d\u98a8\u666f\u756b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7576\u6709\u8d0a\u4e3b\u60f3\u59d4\u8a17\u4ed6\u63cf\u7e6a\u838a\u5712\u666f\u89c0\u6642\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u9084\u56de\u4fe1\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5730\u8a8c\u666f\u89c0\u756b\u6beb\u7121\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u8acb\u8d0a\u4e3b\u53e6\u627e\u50cf\u53c3\u6bd4\uff08Paul Sandby\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9ad8\u660e\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5730\u8a8c\u666f\u89c0\u756b\u7684\u9119\u8996\uff0c\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u9996\u4efb\u9662\u9577\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff08Joshua Reynolds, 1723-1792\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u50cf\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u85dd\u8853\u901a\u53f2\u66f8\u4e2d\u5f80\u5f80\u5c07\u5169\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff1a\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u7406\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u5021\u53e4\u5178\u8207\u5b78\u9662\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u5247\u662f\u76f4\u89ba\u3001\u7368\u5275\u500b\u4eba\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u611f\u6027\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5e73\u65e5\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u756b\u696d\u4e0a\u7684\u6575\u624b\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u53bb\u4e16\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u9084\u662f\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u9662\u9577\u7684\u6c23\u5ea6\uff0c\u57281788\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u516c\u958b\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b9a\u8b7d\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u4e4b\u540d\u5c07\u6d41\u82b3\u767e\u4e16\uff0c\u4f4d\u5c45\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u756b\u6d3e\u300d\u4e4b\u9996\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u96f7\u8afe\u8332\u4e5f\u300c\u516c\u958b\u300d\u4e86\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u7684\u4f5c\u756b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u6703\u5f9e\u7530\u91ce\u9593\u5c07\u6a39\u679d\u3001\u91ce\u8349\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u7b49\u5e36\u56de\u756b\u5ba4\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u4ef6\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u69cb\u5716\uff0c\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u684c\u4e0a\u4ee5\u788e\u77f3\u3001\u4e7e\u8349\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u93e1\u5b50\u67b6\u69cb\u8d77\u98a8\u666f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u756b\u4e2d\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u653e\u5927\u8207\u6539\u826f\u70ba\u5ca9\u77f3\u3001\u6a39\u6728\u3001\u8207\u6c34\u6c60<\/span>\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\uff0c\u770b\u4f86\u6709\u8457\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u69cb\u5716\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u6bcd\u984c\uff0c\u6a39\u6797\u8349\u5730\u4e2d\u4e5f\u7e3d\u4e0d\u7f3a\u9109\u91ce\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6a35\u592b\u3001\u916a\u8fb2\u5973\u3001\u8d95\u8457\u6210\u7fa4\u725b\u7f8a\u7684\u7267\u4eba\u3001\u9a0e\u99ac\u6216\u99d5\u8457\u8ca8\u8eca\u7684\u8fb2\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\u3001\u5409\u666e\u8cfd\u4eba\u3001\u5728\u8305\u820d\u9580\u524d\u7684\u8fb2\u5bb6\u5a66\u5973\u8207\u5b69\u7ae5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u3010\u57161\u3011\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c0d\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u4e26\u975e\u89c0\u5bdf\u3001\u8a18\u9304\u7279\u5b9a\u666f\u9ede\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u642d\u5efa\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u597d\u8b93\u4eba\u7269\u80fd\u5920\u7f6e\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\uff1b\u7528\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u88fd\u9020\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0f\u4e8b\u4f86\u5438\u5f15\u76ee\u5149\uff0c\u597d\u8b93\u8996\u7dda\u91cd\u8fd4\u6a39\u53e2\u6642\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u89ba\u6b61\u6109<\/span>\u300d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5245\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5245\" style=\"width: 673px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgallery.org.uk\/paintings\/thomas-gainsborough-the-watering-place\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5245\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5245\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c961e38091thomas-gainsborough-the-watering-place.jpg?fit=673%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"673,555\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57161\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, The Watering Place\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 1\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, The Watering Place, 1777. Oil on canvas, 147.3 x 180.3 cm. \u00a9 National Gallery, London&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c961e38091thomas-gainsborough-the-watering-place.jpg?fit=673%2C555&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5245\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c961e38091thomas-gainsborough-the-watering-place.jpg?resize=673%2C555&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57161\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, The Watering Place\" width=\"673\" height=\"555\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5245\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 1\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, The Watering Place, 1777. Oil on canvas, 147.3 x 180.3 cm. \u00a9 National Gallery, London<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u4e0d\u65b7\u91cd\u8907\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u5de5\u300d\u69cb\u5716\u5462\uff1f\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f17\u840a\uff08Roger Fry, 1866-1934\uff09\u9019\u4f4d\u8a55\u8ad6\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u5f0f\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u4e0d\u557b\u662f\u6389\u5165\u4e86\u8001\u5957\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u767c\u5c55\u6b63\u9014\u76f8\u9055\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08Kenneth Clark, 1903-1983\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u8ad6\u8457\u300a\u98a8\u666f\u5165\u85dd\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7e6a\u756b\u300d\uff08naturalistic painting\uff09\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u6557\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[4]<\/a> \u4f46\u81ea1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u793e\u6703\u53f2\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u69cb\u5716\u8207\u9ede\u666f\u4eba\u7269\uff08\u986f\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u9109\u91ce\u8ca7\u6c11\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u540c\u898b\u8b49\u82f1\u570b\u8fb2\u696d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5728\u5708\u5730\u653f\u7b56\u5f8c\u7684\u8f49\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9109\u91ce\u8ca7\u6c11\u8271\u96e3\u7684\u8655\u5883\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u5f0f\u98a8\u666f\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u6db5\u85cf\u793e\u6703\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[5]<\/a>\u3010\u57162\u3011<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5246\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5246\" style=\"width: 688px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/emp-web-15.zetcom.ch\/eMuseumPlus?service=direct\/1\/ResultLightboxView\/result.t1.collection_lightbox.$TspTitleImageLink.link&amp;sp=10&amp;sp=Scollection&amp;sp=SfieldValue&amp;sp=0&amp;sp=0&amp;sp=3&amp;sp=Slightbox_3x4&amp;sp=24&amp;sp=Sdetail&amp;sp=0&amp;sp=F&amp;sp=T&amp;sp=25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5246\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5246\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c962e38091thomas-gainsborough-wooded-landscape-with-cattle-by-a-pool.jpg?fit=688%2C572&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"688,572\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57162\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, Wooded Landscape with Cattle by a Pool\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 2\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, Wooded Landscape with Cattle by a Pool, 1782. Oil on canvas, 120.4 x 147.6 cm. \u00a9 Gainsborough\u2019s House.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c962e38091thomas-gainsborough-wooded-landscape-with-cattle-by-a-pool.jpg?fit=688%2C572&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5246\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c962e38091thomas-gainsborough-wooded-landscape-with-cattle-by-a-pool.jpg?resize=688%2C572&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57162\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, Wooded Landscape with Cattle by a Pool\" width=\"688\" height=\"572\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5246\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 2\u3011Thomas Gainsborough, Wooded Landscape with Cattle by a Pool, 1782. Oil on canvas, 120.4 x 147.6 cm. \u00a9 Gainsborough\u2019s House.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u63cf\u7e6a\u82f1\u570b\u9109\u91ce\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u5927\u589e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7522\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u5c31\u5c6c\u83ab\u862d\uff08George Morland, 1763-1804\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\u4ed6\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e86\u8fd14000\u5e45\u6cb9\u756b\u8207\u7d20\u63cf\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[6]<\/a> \u83ab\u862d\u5f88\u5c11\u63a5\u53d7\u59d4\u8a17\uff0c\u800c\u6163\u65bc\u5c07\u756b\u4f5c\u4ea4\u7d66\u7d93\u92b7\u5546\u8ca9\u552e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u756b\u4f5c\u511f\u9084\u50b5\u52d9\uff1b\u9664\u4e86\u6cb9\u756b\uff0c\u81ea1780\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u8d77\u81f3\u4ed6\u6b7b\u5f8c\u6578\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6cb9\u756b\u9084\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u88fd\u4f5c\u6210\u8907\u88fd\u7248\u756b\u92b7\u552e\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u4ed6\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u65e9\u5148\u83ab\u862d\u4e5f\u756b\u4e86\u4e9b\u7d33\u58eb\u6dd1\u5973\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u793e\u4ea4\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u4ee5\u5e73\u6c11\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8ca7\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u8209\u51e1\u9109\u4e0b\u8305\u820d\u3001\u78e8\u574a\u3001\u9152\u9928\u3001\u99ac\u5ec4\u3001\u8c6c\u820d\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u91ce\u5916\u6316\u77f3\u5de5\u3001\u6d41\u6d6a\u6f22\u7b49\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u83ab\u862d\u4e00\u518d\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u5834\u666f\u3002\u3010\u57163\u3011\u96d6\u7136\u83ab\u862d\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5728\u9109\u4e0b\u770b\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u666f\u8c8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e0d\u4f01\u5716\u8b93\u756b\u4e2d\u5834\u666f\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6307\u8a8d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u9ede\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u83ab\u862d\u7684\u9109\u91ce\u98a8\u666f\u756b\uff0c\u548c\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u300c\u985e\u578b\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5448\u73fe\u98a8\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5f37\u8abf\u5c0d\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u523b\u756b\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u5f17\u840a\u96d6\u7136\u8b9a\u8cde\u83ab\u862d\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\u8207\u7528\u8272\uff0c\u537b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u904e\u65bc\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u300d\u8207\u300c\u611f\u50b7\u5316\u300d\u4e86\u756b\u4f5c\u984c\u6750\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff0c\u5247\u6839\u672c\u7565\u904e\u83ab\u862d\u4e0d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5249\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5249\" style=\"width: 943px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.britishart.yale.edu\/vufind\/Record\/1667342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5249\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5249\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c963e38091george-morland-the-old-water-mill.jpg?fit=943%2C751&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"943,751\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57163\u3011George Morland, The Old Water Mill\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 3\u3011George Morland, The Old Water Mill, 1790. Oil on canvas, 100.3 x 124.8 cm. \u00a9 Yale Center for British Art.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c963e38091george-morland-the-old-water-mill.jpg?fit=943%2C751&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5249\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c963e38091george-morland-the-old-water-mill.jpg?resize=943%2C751&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57163\u3011George Morland, The Old Water Mill\" width=\"943\" height=\"751\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 3\u3011George Morland, The Old Water Mill, 1790. Oil on canvas, 100.3 x 124.8 cm. \u00a9 Yale Center for British Art.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u300c\u985e\u578b\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u88fd\u4f5c\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u76e7\u5fb7\u5e03\u723e\u683c\uff08Philip James de Loutherbourg, 1740-1812\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u3002\u9019\u4f4d\u756b\u5bb6\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u53f2\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u6ce2\u862d\u7c4d\uff0c1767\u5e74\u7372\u9078\u70ba\u6cd5\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u7e6a\u756b\u96d5\u523b\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u66fe\u904a\u6b77\u6b50\u6d32\u591a\u570b\uff0c1771\u5e74\u79fb\u5c45\u502b\u6566\uff0c\u53d7\u6f14\u54e1\u66a8\u5287\u9662\u7d93\u7406\u84cb\u5229\u514b\uff08David Garrick, 1717-1779\uff09\u8058\u96c7\u8a2d\u8a08\u5287\u5834\u4f48\u666f\u8207\u670d\u88dd\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u85dd\u58c7\u8b9a\u8cde\uff0c\u65bc1781\u5e74\u6210\u70ba\u502b\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u76e7\u5fb7\u5e03\u723e\u683c\u66fe\u7e6a\u88fd\u904e\u591a\u5e45\u300c\u9109\u91ce\u76dc\u532a\u300d\u4e3b\u984c\u756b\u4f5c\u3010\u57164\u3011\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u9662\u4e2d\u5c55\u51fa\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u719f\u6089\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u96a8\u5373\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u62ff\u5761\u91cc\u756b\u5bb6\u7f85\u838e\uff08Salvator Rosa, 1615-1673\uff09\u7684\u540c\u4e3b\u984c\u756b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u756b\u9762\u69cb\u5716\u3001\u8272\u8abf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a39\u6728\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u7684\u6a23\u614b\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u76f8\u7576\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u51fa\u81ea\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u9ede\u5be6\u666f\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c55\u986f\u4e86\u756b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u65bc\u7e6a\u756b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u984c\u8207\u5716\u5f0f\u7684\u719f\u7a14\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7f85\u838e\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u58ef\u904a\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u756b\u4f5c\u4e0d\u96e3\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u89c0\u8005\u7684\u6b61\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5250\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5250\" style=\"width: 735px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tate.org.uk\/art\/artworks\/de-loutherbourg-travellers-attacked-by-banditti-t00921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5250\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5250\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c964e38091philip-james-de-loutherbourg.jpg?fit=735%2C465&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"735,465\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57164\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 4\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg, Travellers Attacked by Banditti, 1781. Oil on canvas, 67.3 x 105.1 cm. \u00a9 Tate Britain. CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c964e38091philip-james-de-loutherbourg.jpg?fit=735%2C465&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5250\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c964e38091philip-james-de-loutherbourg.jpg?resize=735%2C465&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57164\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg\" width=\"735\" height=\"465\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5250\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 4\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg, Travellers Attacked by Banditti, 1781. Oil on canvas, 67.3 x 105.1 cm. \u00a9 Tate Britain. CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u76e7\u5fb7\u5e03\u723e\u683c\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u4f5c\u984c\u6750\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u6d77\u666f\u3001\u6230\u722d\u5834\u666f\u3001\u725b\u7fa4\u68f2\u606f\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u71d2\u7164\u5de5\u5ee0\u3001\u96ea\u5d29\u3010\u57165\u3011\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u756b\u7b46\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u67d3\u4e0a\u4e86\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u6232\u5287\u5f35\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u3008\u963f\u723e\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u96ea\u5d29\u3009\u7a69\u7576\u7684\u69cb\u5716\u8207\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u8b93\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u8eab\u6b77\u5929\u5d29\u5730\u88c2\u4e4b\u5883\u7684\u9a5a\u96aa\u611f\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u756b\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u5287\u5834\u822c\u7684\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u7136\u5a01\u529b\u8207\u6e3a\u5c0f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u50b3\u9054\u300c\u5d07\u9ad8\u300d\uff08sublime\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5251\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5251\" style=\"width: 758px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tate.org.uk\/art\/artworks\/de-loutherbourg-an-avalanche-in-the-alps-t00772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5251\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5251\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c965e38091philip-james-de-loutherbourg-an-avalanche-in-the-alps.jpg?fit=758%2C519&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"758,519\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u3010\u57165\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg, An Avalanche in the Alps\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 5\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg, An Avalanche in the Alps, 1803. Oil on canvas, 109.9 x 160 cm. \u00a9 Tate Britain. CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c965e38091philip-james-de-loutherbourg-an-avalanche-in-the-alps.jpg?fit=758%2C519&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5251\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/e38090e59c965e38091philip-james-de-loutherbourg-an-avalanche-in-the-alps.jpg?resize=758%2C519&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u3010\u57165\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg, An Avalanche in the Alps\" width=\"758\" height=\"519\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5251\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 5\u3011Philip James de Loutherbourg, An Avalanche in the Alps, 1803. Oil on canvas, 109.9 x 160 cm. \u00a9 Tate Britain. CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u82f1\u570b\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u6b62\u9019\u4e09\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u8cea\u7591\uff1a\u76e7\u5fb7\u5e03\u723e\u683c\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u300c\u82f1\u570b\u300d\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u7559\u7d66\u8b80\u8457\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u6709\u95dc\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u8b1d\u4f73\u5a1f\uff0c\u3008\u6839\u8332\u5df4\u7f85\u98a8\u666f\u756b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u500b\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u53f2\u5b78\u300b\uff0c27\u53772\u671f\uff0c2016\u5e746\u6708\uff0c151-235\u9801\u3002\u9019\u5c01\u8457\u540d\u4fe1\u4ef6\u7684\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u6587\u7ae0\u7b2c195\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0Joshua Reynolds, \u201cDiscourse XIV,\u201d <em>Discourses on Art<\/em>, ed. by Robert R. Wark (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 250.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u5f15\u81ea<em>The Letters of Thomas Gainsborough<\/em>, ed. by John Hayes (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 40.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[4]<\/a> \u6709\u95dc\u5f17\u840a\u8207\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u898b\u3008\u82f1\u570b\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u55ce\uff01\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u3009\uff0c\u6f2b\u904a\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[5]<\/a> \u53c3\u898b\u6b64\u9818\u57df\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\uff1aJohn Barrell, <em>The Dark Side of the Landscape: The Rural Poor in English Painting 1730-1840<\/em> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[6]<\/a> John Barrell, <em>The Dark Side of the Landscape<\/em>, p.89.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"371\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=371\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?fit=1842%2C657&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1842,657\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0001-4\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?fit=1024%2C365&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-371 aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0001-41-e1474508723342.jpg?resize=1842%2C657&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"0001-4\" width=\"1842\" height=\"657\" 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