{"id":5334,"date":"2019-12-05T23:55:45","date_gmt":"2019-12-05T15:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5334"},"modified":"2020-09-25T19:54:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T11:54:01","slug":"18-19%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e7%9a%84%e5%80%ab%e6%95%a6%e7%89%88%e7%95%ab%e5%ba%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5334","title":{"rendered":"18-19\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u502b\u6566\u7248\u756b\u5e97"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587 \/ \u5b8b\u7f8e\u7469<\/p>\n

18\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u7248\u756b\u5c31\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u96fb\u8996\u7bc0\u76ee\u6216\u96fb\u8166\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u50b3\u64ad\u65b0\u805e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6c11\u9593\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5a1b\u6a02\u5927\u773e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u5e36\u6709\u717d\u52d5\u6bc0\u8b17\u7b49\u8ca0\u9762\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u7248\u756b\u7528\u770b\u4f3c\u8f15\u9b06\u8207\u5632\u7b11\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6c11\u9593\u5404\u7a2e\u7591\u616e\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u3002\u9694\u8457\u72f9\u7a84\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5cfd\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u502b\u6566\u90fd\u6703\u66f4\u662f\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u7684\u7fa4\u805a\u4e4b\u5730\u300218\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u502b\u6566\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u5982\u6cf0\u6664\u58eb\u6cb3\u7554\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u5b78\u9662(Royal Academy of Arts, Somerset House)\u65c1\u908a\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u66f8\u5546\u8207\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u9b6f\u9053\u592b\u2027\u96c5\u514b\u66fc(Rudolph Ackermann, 1764-1834)\u958b\u8a2d\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7248\u756b\u8207\u756b\u5177\u4f9b\u61c9\u5e97\uff0c[1]<\/a> \u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f4d\u65bc\u8981\u9053\u5927\u8857\u4e0a\u7684\u9084\u6709\u9054\u7406(M Darly, 39 Strand, 1770s)\u3001\u97d3\u8299\u854a(Hannah Humphrey, 27\u00a0St James’s Street, 1797\u20131817)\u3001\u6cf0\u683c(Thomas Tegg, ‘Apollo Library’ at 111 Cheapside, 1804-1824)\u3001\u5305\u723e\u65af(Carington Bowles, 69 St. Pauls Church Yard)\u3001\u8cc0\u862d\u5fb7(William Holland, 50 Oxford Street, 1786-1802)\u7b49\u773e\u5bb6\u7248\u756b\u5e97\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8005\u548c\u96d5\u7248\u5bb6\u4f9b\u61c9\u4f5c\u54c1\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u51fa\u7248\u8ca9\u8ce3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u502b\u6566\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f86\u770b18\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0a\u534a\u7248\u756b\u8207\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6b78\u7d0d\u8d77\u4f86\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u5546\u696d\u5ba3\u50b3\u5ee3\u544a\u3001\u7576\u4ee3\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u5c0e\u3001\u8af7\u523a\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u3001\u8af7\u523a\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u5a1b\u6a02\u5927\u773e\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5b9c\u88dd\u98fe\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u63a8\u52d5\u670d\u98fe\u6d41\u884c\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u540c\u6642\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\"J.<\/a>
J. Elwood, drawing of a crowd outside a print-shop, 1790. Print on paper, 37.4×53.1cm. British Museum, London. \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Trustees of the British Museum\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9019\u5f35\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c11\u4eba\u77e5\u66c9\u7684\u756b\u5bb6\u57c3\u723e\u4f0d\u5fb7(J. Elwood, \u751f\u5352\u5e74\u4e0d\u8a73\uff0c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u65bc1790-1800)\u7c3d\u540d\u7684\u7121\u984c\u6c34\u5f69\uff0c\u4f5c\u65bc1790\u5e74\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e00\u5bb6\u4f4d\u65bc\u8857\u89d2\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u5916\u4eba\u7fa4\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u7684\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u8cbc\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u525b\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u64da\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5178\u85cf\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u6599\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u5f35\u662f\u300c\u60e1\u9b54\u300d(The Monster)[2]<\/a> \uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u63071790\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b64\u5e74\u521d\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u8b8a\u614b\u7537\u5b50\u5c08\u9580\u62ff\u5200\u5272\u523a\u5973\u5b50\u81c0\u90e8\uff0c\u88ab\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u60e1\u9b54\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u756b\u8868\u73fe\u4e86\u5370\u5237\u5e97\u5916\u4eba\u6f6e\u8702\u64c1\u3001\u500b\u500b\u5c0d\u8457\u6ae5\u7a97\u8b70\u8ad6\u7d1b\u7d1b\u7684\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u968e\u5c64\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6709\u7a7f\u8457\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u8207\u7d33\u58eb\uff0c\u6709\u63a8\u8457\u8ca9\u8ce3\u63a8\u8eca\u7684\u5a66\u5973\u3001\u625b\u8457\u8ca8\u7269\u7684\u52de\u5de5\u3001\u5750\u5728\u8f4e\u5b50\u88e1\u524d\u4f86\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u4eba\u5bb6\u3001\u814b\u4e0b\u593e\u8457\u5377\u8ef8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u58eb\uff0c\u9023\u72d7\u5152\u90fd\u4f86\u6e4a\u71b1\u9b27\uff0c\u53f3\u908a\u9084\u6709\u500b\u56e0\u70ba\u64c1\u64e0\u88ab\u8e29\u4e86\u8173\u7684\u7e8f\u982d\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u8457\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u6253\u7834\u968e\u5c64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u53ef\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5834\u6240\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u540c\u5287\u9662\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u6d3b\u751f\u751f18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u502b\u6566\u8857\u982d\u4e00\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5f35\u6c34\u5f69\u4e26\u975e\u70ba\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u756b\u5546\u6240\u505a\uff0c\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7de3\u7684\u62db\u724c\u5beb\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5730\u5716\u8207\u7248\u756b\u8ca8\u68e7\u300d(\u201cMap and Print Warehouse\u201d)\uff0c\u4e26\u672a\u6a19\u660e\u59d3\u540d\u6216\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u5bb6\u5e97\uff0c\u5ee3\u544a\u4f5c\u7528\u8f03\u4f4e\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e00\u5e45\u5beb\u5be6\u8857\u666f\uff0c\u8f03\u5c11\u8a87\u5f35\u6210\u5206\u3002\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u5728\u6b64\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u50b3\u64ad\u89d2\u8272\u5341\u5206\u660e\u986f\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5716<\/a>
Edward Topham,The Macaroni Print Shop(\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89\u7248\u756b\u5e97), published by Matthew Darly, 1772. Print on paper, 17.7×24.9cm. British Museum, London. \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Trustees of the British Museum\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9054\u7406(Darly)\u592b\u5a66\u662f1770\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u502b\u6566\u77e5\u540d\u7248\u756b\u5546\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u99ac\u4fee\u2027\u9054\u7406(Matthew Darly, fl.\u00a01756\u20131779)\u66fe\u70ba\u540d\u5bb6\u5177\u5546\u9f4a\u672c\u5fb7\u723e(Thomas Chippendale, 1718-1779)\u6240\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u98a8\u5bb6\u5177\u96d5\u523b\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u54c1\u76ee\u9304(The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker\u2018s Director<\/em>)\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u746a\u9e97\u2027\u9054\u7406(Mary Darly, fl.\u00a01741\u20131778)\u66f4\u88ab\u8b7d\u70ba\u300c\u8af7\u523a\u756b\u4e4b\u6bcd\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7248\u756b\u591a\u5c6c\u793e\u6703\u8af7\u523a\u985e\u3002[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u300c\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u300d(The Macaroni Print Shop<\/em>)\u662f\u9054\u7406\u767c\u884c\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u5e7e\u4f4d\u7a7f\u8457\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u5916\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u5e97\u9580\u4e0a\u7684\u9580\u724c\u5beb\u8457\u300c39 Darly\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u746a\u9e97\u2027\u9054\u7406\u5728\u6cb3\u5cb8\u8857(The Strand)\u6240\u958b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5bb6\u5206\u5e97\u3002[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u300c\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89\u300d(\u201cMacaroni\u201d)\u662f\u630718\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eff\u6548\u6b50\u9678\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u7d08\u7d5d\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u6b64\u5b57\u6e90\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89\uff0c\u66fe\u5230\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u58ef\u904a(Grand Tour)\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u5bcc\u5bb6\u5b50\u5f1f\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u5f8c\u7d44\u6210\u81ea\u7a31\u300c\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89\u793e\u5718\u300d(Macaroni Club<\/em>)\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c0f\u7fa4\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ee5\u8a87\u5f35\u7684\u5047\u9aee\u8207\u7a7f\u8457\u6253\u626e\u8457\u7a31\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u6642\u502b\u6566\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u9054\u7406\u66fe\u767c\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u201cMacaroni\u201d\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9806\u61c9\u9019\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u756b\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u90fd\u6703\u4e2d\u5e73\u6c11\u8207\u8cb4\u65cf\u968e\u5c64\u5171\u6709\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u50b3\u9054\u65b0\u805e\u3001\u570b\u969b\u6587\u5316\u3001\u90fd\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5834\u6240\u3002\u9019\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u5728\u53cd\u6620\u7576\u4ee3\u502b\u6566\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u6d41\u884c\u8da8\u52e2\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u70ba\u9054\u7406\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u548c\u5e97\u88e1\u8ca9\u8ce3\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u5546\u54c1\u505a\u4e86\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u5ee3\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5716<\/a>
John Raphael Smith, Spectators at a Print-Shop in St. Paul\u2019s Church Yard(\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u6559\u5802\u5ead\u9662\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u7684\u89c0\u770b\u8005), published by Carington Bowles, 1774. Print on paper, 35×24.9cm. British Museum, London. \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Trustees of the British Museum\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9019\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u672c\u756b\u662f\u4f4d\u65bc\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5ead\u966269\u865f\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5546\u5305\u723e\u65af(Carington Bowles)\u65bc1774\u5e74\u767c\u884c\u3002[6]<\/a> \u63cf\u7e6a\u81ea\u5df1\u5e97\u5916\u7684\u770b\u756b\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4f4d\u7a7f\u8457\u83ef\u9e97\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u62c9\u8457\u540c\u6a23\u6642\u5c1a\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u7d33\u58eb\uff0c\u8208\u81f4\u76ce\u7136\u5730\u7528\u647a\u6247\u6307\u8457\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u62c4\u8457\u62d0\u6756\u7684\u85cd\u8863\u767d\u9aee\u7537\u5b50\u6b63\u597d\u6574\u4ee5\u6687\u5730\u770b\u8457\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u65c1\u908a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u62ff\u4e86\u50b3\u7968\u8981\u902e\u6355\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u8cbc\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u5f35\u756b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7d04\u7ff0\u2027\u62c9\u6590\u723e\u2027\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af(John Raphael Smith, 1751 – 1812)\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7f8e\u67d4\u6c40\u6cd5(mezzotint)[7]<\/a> \u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5305\u723e\u65af\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u70ba\u81ea\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u548c\u523b\u7248\u8005\u505a\u5ee3\u544a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u7a0d\u5e36\u9ed1\u8272\u5e7d\u9ed8\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u7b46\u6cd5\uff0c\u756b\u51fa\u502b\u6566\u8857\u982d\u770b\u4f3c\u5bcc\u88d5\u537b\u96b1\u85cf\u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u7fa4\u50cf\u3002\u5169\u4f4d\u7a7f\u8457\u5165\u6642\u7684\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u4e5f\u7336\u5982\u6ae5\u7a97\u756b\u4f5c\u4e0a\u8d70\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u7248\u756b\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u793e\u6703\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5e36\u9818\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8207\u6b64\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5f35\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u5305\u723e\u65af\u767c\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u672a\u8457\u8272\u7f8e\u67d4\u6c40\u7248\u756b\u300a\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u5916\u7684\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89\u5c0f\u59d0\u548c\u5979\u7684\u60c5\u4eba\u300b(Miss Macaroni and her Gallant at a Print-Shop, 1773<\/a>)\uff0c\u5e97\u5916\u56db\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u524d\u4e00\u5f35\u6070\u6210\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u9019\u5f35\u662f\u8863\u98fe\u5bcc\u8cb4\u7684\u5a66\u4eba\u88ab\u5979\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u8005\u62c9\u8457\u53bb\u770b\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u4e00\u908a\u62ff\u8457\u6247\u5b50\u8a15\u7b11\uff1b\u53f3\u908a\u80cc\u5c0d\u8457\u89c0\u773e\u7684\u9ed1\u8863\u4eba\u5169\u624b\u5f35\u958b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9a5a\u5687\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u65c1\u908a\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u6307\u8457\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8033\u8a9e\uff0c\u8173\u908a\u7684\u72d7\u5c0d\u8457\u4ed6\u7684\u8173\u6492\u5c3f\u3002\u756b\u9762\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u8abf\u60c5\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5728\u5632\u7b11\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\u756b\u4e2d\u4eba\u3002\u53f3\u908a\u88ab\u72d7\u5152\u6492\u5c3f\u800c\u53d7\u9a5a\u5687\u7684\u9ed1\u8863\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u770b\u8457\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5927\u8001\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u6559\u6703\u88e1\u88ab\u4eba\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u5927\u8001\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u6700\u4e0a\u4e00\u6392\u662f\u5e7e\u4f4d\u5b97\u6559\u754c\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u885b\u65af\u7406(John Wesley, 1703-1791)\u3001\u61f7\u7279\u8cbb\u5fb7(George Whitefield, 1714-1770)[9]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5247\u662f\u5e7d\u9ed8\u8af7\u523a\u756b\u3002\u5305\u723e\u65af\u6240\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9019\u5e7e\u5f35\u4ee5\u5176\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u756b\u90fd\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5169\u5f35\u5305\u723e\u65af\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u5927\u62b5\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5ba3\u50b3\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u548c\u5e97\u88e1\u8ce3\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5632\u7b11\u4e00\u9762\u63a8\u52d5\u6642\u4e0b\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u90fd\u6703\u5728\u5149\u9bae\u4eae\u9e97\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u9670\u6697\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5716<\/a>
\u300a\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u6559\u5802\u5ead\u9662\u98b3\u5927\u98a8\u7684\u4e00\u5929\u5be6\u666f\u300b(A real scene in St Pauls Church Yard, on a windy day) , published by Carington Bowles, 1728-1784. Print on paper, 35x25cm. British Museum, London. \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Trustees of the British Museum\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5305\u723e\u65af\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u9019\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4ee5\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8056\u4fdd\u7f85\u6559\u5802\u5ead\u9662\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u5e97\u5916\u62b5\u98a8\u800c\u8d70\u7684\u7fa4\u773e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7a7f\u8457\u8c82\u76ae\u83ef\u670d\u548c\u5047\u9aee\u5e3d\u5b50\u88ab\u5439\u8dd1\u7684\u72fc\u72fd\u8cb4\u5a66\u3001\u62c4\u6756\u7684\u7d33\u58eb\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u8dcc\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\u3001\u7a7f\u8457\u570d\u88d9\u7684\u54ed\u6ce3\u7ae5\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ce3\u7684\u9b5a\u6389\u843d\u6eff\u5730\uff0c\u88ab\u83ef\u670d\u5a66\u4eba\u8e29\u8e0f\u800c\u904e\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u8ca7\u8ce4\u5bcc\u8cb4\u7684\u843d\u5dee\u793e\u6703\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u5ee3\u544a\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8af7\u523a\u6027\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5716<\/a>
\u300a\u6f2b\u756b\u5e97\u300b(Caricature Shop) , published by Piercy Roberts, 1791-1805. Etching with stipple on wove paper, 25.8 x 32.6 cm. Lewis Walpole Library, Farmington. \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Trustees of the British Museum\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9019\u5f35\u984c\u540d\u300a\u6f2b\u756b\u5e97\u300b\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u4e0a\u8272\u8755\u523b\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u523b\u7248\u8005\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u540d\u7f85\u4f2f\u8332(Piercy Roberts)\u8207\u51fa\u7248\u5e741801\u3002\u7f85\u4f2f\u8332\u65bc1801\u82071806\u5e74\u9593\u5728\u502b\u6566\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u71b1\u9b27\u7684\u970d\u723e\u672c\u5927\u8857\u4e0a(28 Middle Row, Holborn)\u958b\u5e97\uff0c\u756b\u4e2d\u5e97\u9580\u4e0a\u7684\u300c28\u300d\u3001\u300cP. Roberts\u300d\u3001\u300cPublisher\u300d\u5b57\u6a23\uff0c\u6e05\u695a\u986f\u793a\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4ed6\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\u3002\u5e97\u5916\u540c\u6a23\u64e0\u6eff\u722d\u770b\u6ae5\u7a97\u7684\u89c0\u773e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u62c4\u6756\u4f5d\u50c2\u7684\u8001\u8005\u3001\u71d5\u7626\u74b0\u80a5\u7684\u8cb4\u5a66\u3001\u7f3a\u817f\u7684\u6b98\u969c\u4eba\u58eb\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u3001\u88ab\u62b1\u5728\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u9023\u5c0f\u72d7\u90fd\u722c\u8457\u7246\u770b\u3002\u800c\u9580\u53e3\u9762\u5c0d\u89c0\u773e\u7ad9\u8457\u7684\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u4fbf\u662f\u5e97\u4e3b\u7f85\u4f2f\u8332\u672c\u4eba\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5716<\/a>
James Gillray, Very Slippy-Weather (\u6975\u5176\u6fd5\u6ed1\u7684\u5929\u6c23), published by Hannah Humphrey, 1808. Print on paper, 25.2×19.4cm. The Trustees of the British Museum, London.(not on display) \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aThe Trustees of the British Museum\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9019\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4ee5\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u4e86\uff0c\u5409\u723e\u96f7(James Gillray, 1756-1815)\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u8001\u95c6\u97d3\u8299\u854a(Hannah Humphrey)\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4e03\u5f35\u4ee5\u300c\u5929\u6c23\u300d(weather)\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f35\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u70ba\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u523b\u756b\u5404\u7a2e\u6c23\u5019\u88e1\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u5f35\u662f\u4ee5\u97d3\u8299\u854a\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u756b\u4e2d\u5e97\u9580\u4e0a\u7684\u9580\u865f\u8207\u5e97\u540d\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u5beb\u8457\u300cHumphrey\u300d\u3001\u300c27\u300d\uff0c\u756b\u4e0a\u65b9\u908a\u7de3\u984c\u540d\u300cSt James\u2019s Street\u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u97d3\u8299\u854a\u65bc1797-1817\u5e74\u9593\u4f4d\u65bc\u8056\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u885727\u865f\u7684\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u756b\u4e2d\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u8cbc\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5409\u723e\u96f7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6578\u5f35\u4ee5\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u6f2b\u756b\u3002\u53f3\u908a\u73bb\u7483\u9580\u5167\u770b\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u9152\u7cdf\u9f3b\u7684\u7267\u5e2b\u6b63\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u4e00\u5f35\u8207\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7248\u756b\u3002\u5e97\u5916\u9762\u6709\u56db\u500b\u7a7f\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u653f\u5ba2\u3001\u8ecd\u4eba\u3001\u7d33\u58eb\u3001\u7267\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u805a\u7cbe\u6703\u795e\u5728\u770b\u8457\u6ae5\u7a97\u4e0a\u7684\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u5168\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u524d\u666f\u6ed1\u5012\u5728\u5730\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5047\u9aee\u548c\u5e3d\u5b50\u5f80\u5f8c\u6389\u843d\uff0c\u53e3\u888b\u6389\u51fa\u9322\u5e63\u548c\u9f3b\u7159\u76d2\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u624b\u537b\u9084\u7dca\u63e1\u8457\u4e00\u652f\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u6263\u7dca\u4e86\u9019\u5957\u7248\u756b\u7684\u6c23\u5019\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u97d3\u8299\u854a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5409\u723e\u96f7\u7248\u756b\u662f18\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u7a0d\u986f\u4fdd\u5b88\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u70ba\u7576\u653f\u8005\u767c\u8072\u4e4b\u5acc[10]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u537b\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u5c0d\u5c0d\u5cb8\u6cd5\u570b\u9769\u547d\u8207\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u7acb\u5834\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u50cf\u5929\u6c23\u9019\u7a2e\u4e00\u822c\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5bb6\u5e38\u4e2d\u6027\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u96e3\u514d\u5728\u7d30\u5fae\u8655\u593e\u5e36\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5716<\/a>
Isaac Robert Cruikshank, Dandy PickPockets Diving: Scene Near St. James Palace (\u8056\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u5bae\u6bbf\u9644\u8fd1\u82b1\u82b1\u516c\u5b50\u884c\u7aca\u8a18), 1818 . Etching on wove paper, hand-colored, 25.6 x 41.8 cm. \u5716\u7248\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aPublished in The caricature magazine, or Hudibrastic mirror, by G.M. Woodward, vol. 5, Folio 75, 1818. Lewis Walpole Library\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9019\u5f35\u8f03\u665a\u671f\u4ee5\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u6f2b\u756b\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u7248\u756b\u6216\u662f\u5e97\u9762\u7684\u5ee3\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5e97\u5916\u88dd\u626e\u5982\u7d33\u58eb\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u50cf\u82b1\u7f8e\u7537\u7684\u6252\u624b\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u756b\u3002\u8056\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u5bae\u6bbf(St James’s Palace )\u9644\u8fd1\u662f\u502b\u6566\u897f\u5340\u5c6c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5730\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f80\u4f86\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u591a\u534a\u662f\u5bcc\u88d5\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u9019\u5f35\u756b\u50b3\u9054\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u5e36\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u4eba\u89ac\u89a6\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5340\u537b\u4e5f\u591a\u6709\u72af\u7f6a\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u6216\u610f\u5728\u8af7\u523a\u90a3\u4e9b\u8863\u51a0\u695a\u695a\u537b\u884c\u4e8b\u7325\u7463\u4e4b\u8f29\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e18\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u901a\u5fc3\u7c89(Macaroni)\u4e00\u65cf\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u82b1\u82b1\u516c\u5b50(Dandy)[11]<\/a> \u7f8e\u7537\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5730\u5340\u5d07\u5c1a\u88dd\u626e\u5230\u4e86\u8457\u8ff7\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u537b\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u5167\u5728\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e86\u5167\u5916\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7248\u756b\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7d00\u5df2\u5f9e\u7121\u6cd5\u8ca0\u64d4\u6cb9\u756b\u3001\u9000\u800c\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\u7684\u4e2d\u4e0b\u968e\u7d1a\u5c08\u5229\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u8cb4\u65cf\u5bcc\u8c6a\u4e5f\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u6536\u8cfc\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u6253\u7834\u5728\u9019\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u986f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7e3d\u7d50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f9e\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c18\u523019\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u502b\u6566\u90fd\u6703\u7248\u756b\u5e97\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u8457\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5ba3\u50b3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u73fe\u4ee3\u5f71\u97ff\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u5a92\u9ad4\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u610f\u6db5\u4e0a\u660e\u986f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u773e\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u696d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ackermann’s Repository of Arts, 101 Strand\u00a0(\u2018four doors nearer to Somerset House\u2019) 1797-1827. British artists’ suppliers, 1650-1950,\u00a0National Portrait Gallery website. 1809\u5e97\u5167\u4e00\u666f\u898bLewis Walpole Library\u9928\u85cf\u7248\u756b\u3002Lewis Walpole Library\uff1a<http:\/\/findit.library.yale.edu\/catalog\/digcoll:2755074<\/a>>\u3002<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> British Museum Collection Online:<<\/span>https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/research\/collection_online\/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=746541&partId=1&searchText=J.+Elwood&page=1<\/a>><\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Mark Bryant, “The Mother of Pictorial Satire,”\u00a0History Today<\/em>, , Vol. 57, Issue 4, (April, 2007): \u00a058-9.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u53c3\u8003\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5178\u85cf\u7db2\u7ad9\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5c0f\u50b3: The British Museum: <https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/research\/search_the_collection_database\/term_details.aspx?bioId=127680<\/a>><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> \u53c3\u8003\u7dad\u57fa\u767e\u79d1Macaroni (fashion): Wikipedia: <https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macaroni_(fashion)<\/a>><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> “Printed for Carington Bowles, at his Map & Print Warehouse, No. 69 in St. Pauls Church Yard, London. Published as the Act directs [date erased]\u201c (The date June 25 1774 appears on another impression.\u00a0) The Trustees of the British Museum: <https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/research\/collection_online\/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1601655&partId=1&searchText=Spectators+Print-Shop&page=1<\/a>><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u7f8e\u67d4\u6c40\u6cd5\uff08mezzotint\uff09\u662f\u9285\u7248\u756b\u6280\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c6c\u51f9\u7248\u756b\uff0c\u4ee5\u660e\u6697\u6f38\u5c64\u70ba\u5176\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9069\u5408\u5beb\u5be6\u8868\u73fe\u8096\u50cf\u756b\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u65bc\u82f1\u570b18\u4e16\u7d00\u81f319\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u3002<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u5716\u7247\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5beb\u7684\u662f\uff1a”While Macaroni and his Mistress here \/ At other Characters, in Picture, sneer \/ To the vain Couple is but little known \/ How much deserving Ridicule their own.”<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> D. Bruce Hindmarsh, The Spirits of Early Evangelicalism: True Religion in a Modern World <\/em>(Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 249. \u885b\u65af\u7406\u8207\u61f7\u7279\u8cbb\u5fb7\u7686\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u65b0\u6559\u5faa\u9053\u5b97(Methodism)\u7684\u5275\u59cb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u6839\u64da\u5927\u82f1\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u5409\u723e\u96f7\u7684\u50b3\u8a18\uff0c1797\u52301801\u5e74\u9593\u9996\u76f8\u76ae\u7279(William Pitt the Younger, 1759-1806)\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ed8\u7d66\u5409\u723e\u96f7200\u938a\u5e74\u91d1\u3002\u53ef\u898b\u5f97\u5409\u723e\u96f7\u7576\u6642\u662f\u70ba\u82f1\u570b\u57f7\u653f\u9ee8\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7e31\u7136\u505a\u7684\u662f\u8af7\u523a\u6f2b\u756b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u504f\u5411\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002The British Museum: <https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/research\/search_the_collection_database\/term_details.aspx?bioId=123557<\/a>><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> \u82b1\u82b1\u516c\u5b50(Dandy)\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u898b\u5927\u82f1\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u3002Wikipedia: <https:\/\/en.wikisource.org\/wiki\/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica\/Dandy<\/a>>\"0001-1-e1575631088264.jpg\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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