{"id":5919,"date":"2020-03-26T23:55:21","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T15:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5919"},"modified":"2020-09-17T16:37:26","modified_gmt":"2020-09-17T08:37:26","slug":"%e9%87%8d%e7%8f%be%e5%89%8d%e8%a1%9b%ef%bc%9f-%e5%be%b7%e5%9c%8b%e4%ba%8c%e6%88%b0%e5%be%8c%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%bb%e8%a7%80%e6%94%9d%e5%bd%b11951-1958-%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%8a%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5919","title":{"rendered":"\u91cd\u73fe\u524d\u885b\uff1f \u5fb7\u570b\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f711951\u20131958 \uff08\u4e0a\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u6587 \/ \u9b4f\u7af9\u541b<br \/>\n1955\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332 \uff08Albert Renger-Patzsch\uff0c1897-1966\uff09\u5beb\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u7d66\u5305\u6d69\u65af\u5b78\u9662\u5be6\u9a57\u651d\u5f71\u5927\u5e2b\u62c9\u65af\u6d1b\u00b7\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409(L\u00e1szlo Moholy-Nagy\uff0c1895-1946) \u7684\u907a\u5b40\u9732\u897f\u5a6d\u00b7\u83ab\u970d\u5229\uff08Lucia Moholy\uff0c1894-1989\uff09 \uff0c\u5fff\u5fff\u4e0d\u5e73\u5730\u62b1\u6028<!--more-->\uff1a\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u60a8\u5c0d\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u91ab\u751f\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u7adf\u7136\u5c07\u60a8\u5148\u751f\u8207\u4ed6\u5728\u5305\u6d69\u65af\u7684\u5925\u4f34\u5011\uff0c\u57281925\u5e74\u65e9\u5c31\u505a\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u505a\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u5ba3\u63da\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u6f6e\u6d41\uff1f<\/span>\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u754c\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u4e00\u865f\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u9019\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u51fa\u81ea\u65bc\u9019\u4f4d\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u540d\u6c23\u7684\u524d\u8f29\u53e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u7121\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u5373\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u651d\u5f71\u300d(Neue Sachlichkeit photography)\uff0c\u8207\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409\u300c\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\u300d\uff08New Vision\uff09\u4e00\u540c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u5fb7\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u9818\u5148\u65bc\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8f1d\u714c\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5967\u6258\u00b7\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\uff08Otto Steinert \uff0c1915-1978\uff09\u5c07\u524d\u8f29\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u65e9\u5df2\u5927\u81bd\u5617\u8a66\u81fb\u81f3\u6975\u9650\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u6280\u8853\u91cd\u65b0\u5305\u88dd\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\u5927\u62b5\u8207\u6284\u8972\u7121\u7570\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u9ede\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\uff08subjektive fotografie\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u5fb7\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u904b\u52d5\u9019\u500b\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u76f2\u9ede\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u6982\u5ff5\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u5728\u7d93\u6b7712\u5e74\u7684\u7d0d\u7cb9\u6975\u6b0a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u6230\u524d\u91cd\u91cf\u7d1a\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u8207\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u6216\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u71df\u88ab\u6bba\u5bb3\uff0c\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332\u672c\u8eab\u96d6\u7136\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u633a\u904e\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u7684\u7149\u7344\u9000\u96b1\u9109\u6751\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u537b\u5728\u8f5f\u70b8\u4e2d\u5168\u6578\u640d\u6bc0\u3002\u800c\u4ee5\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u5fb7\u570b\u651d\u5f71\u50b3\u7d71\u65b7\u88c2\u7684\u7a7a\u7a97\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8208\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u6ce2\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u969b\u9593\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u6ce8\u76ee\u8207\u8b9a\u63da\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u5728\u65bc\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u6551\u8d16\u651d\u5f71\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u632b\u6557\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u6062\u5fa9\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u53d7\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">1. 1951\u5e74\u300a\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71 1\u300b\u5c55\u89bd\uff1a\u5c0d\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u6230\u5f8c\u89c0\u9ede<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5925\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5925\" style=\"width: 2018px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1-3.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5925\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5925\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1-3.jpg?fit=2018%2C1409&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2018,1409\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"1\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 1\u3011\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u300a\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300b\u5c55\u89bd\u5716\u9304\u5c01\u9762\uff0c1951\u3002&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1-3.jpg?fit=1024%2C715&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5925\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/1-3.jpg?resize=2018%2C1409&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"1\" width=\"2018\" height=\"1409\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5925\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 1\u3011\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u300a\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300b\u5c55\u89bd\u5716\u9304\u5c01\u9762\uff0c1951\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u300a\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71 1\u300b\u5c55\u65bc1951\u5e747\u6708\u63ed\u5e55\u65bc\u85a9\u723e\u5e03\u5442\u80af\uff08Saarbr\u00fccken\uff09\u3002\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u73a9\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4ee5\u6230\u5f8c\u651d\u5f71\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86725\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u56de\u9867\u5c55\u5340\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409\u3001\u66fc\u96f7\uff08Man Ray\uff0c1890-1976\uff09\u8207\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u62dc\u8033\uff08Herbert Bayer\uff0c1900-1985\uff09\u4e09\u4f4d\u65e9\u671f\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u5949\u70ba\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6230\u524d\u5148\u4f8b\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u77a5\u5c55\u89bd\u5716\u9304\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u91cd\u5ba3\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002\u9019\u672c\u5716\u9304\u662f\u7531\u5305\u6d69\u65af\u7562\u696d\u751f\u3001\u62dc\u8033\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u6f22\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u8afe\u4f0a\u7d0d\uff08Hannes Neuner\uff0c1906-1978\uff09\u6240\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\uff0c\u6a19\u984c\u9801\u7684\u5c0f\u5beb\u5b57\u9ad4 subjektive fotografie\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u8457\u659c\u89d2\u7dda\u7de8\u6392\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u90fd\u5fe0\u5be6\u5730\u9075\u5faa1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u8207\u7c21\u5316\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u5275\u65b0\u5b57\u9ad4\u7de8\u6392\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b56\u7565\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u5ba3\u793a\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65bc\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u8207\u524d\u885b\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u5c01\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u662f\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u6b63\u7d71\u82ad\u857e\u821e\uff0c\u5411\u5967\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u5e0c\u52d2\u59c6\u723e\u81f4\u656c\u300b(<em>Orthodox Ballet, Homage to Oskar Schlemmer<\/em>) \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1 \u3010\u57161\u3011\uff0c\u9019\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0d\u50c5\u56de\u9867\u4e86\u5967\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u5e0c\u52d2\u59c6\u723e\uff08Oskar Schlemmer \uff0c1888-1943\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u5f0f\u82ad\u857e\uff0c\u9084\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u69cb\u5716\u4e2d\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u300c\u7269\u5f71\u7167\u7247\u300d(photogram)\u8207\u300c\u8499\u592a\u5947\u300d(photomontage)\u5169\u500b1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u6280\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u672c\u5c55\u89bd\u5716\u9304\u88e1\uff0c\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u91d0\u6e05\u4e86\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u8207\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71\uff0c\u300e\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300f\u5f37\u8abf\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5275\u610f\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002<\/span>\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">1.1 \u5c0d\u65bc\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u62d2\u65a5<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u632b\u6557\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u8ddf\u4e8c\u6230\u524d\u7684\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u66f4\u5fc5\u9808\u77ef\u6b63\u5176\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u610f\u5373\u5fb7\u570b\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u5148\u9a45\u5011\u6240\u6a19\u699c\u7684\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u8207\u300c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u3002\u4e8c\u6230\u524d\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u70ba\u4ee5\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u5373\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u651d\u5f71\u300d\uff1b\u4e8c\u70ba\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u65b0\u8996\u89ba\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u651d\u5f71\u80fd\u5920\u518d\u73fe\u5ba2\u89c0\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u524d\u7684\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5ba3\u7a31\u7684\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u7d0d\u7cb9\u6587\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u4e0b\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u96d5\u5851\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u88ab\u8cb6\u6291\u70ba\u300c\u58ae\u843d\u7684\u300d(degenerate)\uff0c \u6216\u662f\u300c\u651d\u5f71\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d(photo-Bolshevism)\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u651d\u5f71\u7f85\u7e54\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6feb\u7528\u651d\u5f71\u505a\u70ba\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u64cd\u5f04\u7fa4\u773e\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u7d00\u9304\u6230\u722d\u8207\u6230\u5f8c\u5be6\u6cc1\uff0c\u5831\u5c0e\u651d\u5f71 (photojournalism) \u8207\u7d00\u5be6\u651d\u5f71 (documentary photography)\u7b49\u5c08\u696d\u61c9\u7528\u651d\u5f71\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u8996\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u70ba\u6551\u8d16\u651d\u5f71\u85dd\u8853\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u842c\u9748\u4e39\uff0c\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u4e26\u975e\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u4e3b\u9ad4\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5180\u671b\u651d\u5f71\u80fd\u5f9e\u5927\u773e\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5e73\u5eb8\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u7684\u8150\u6557\u4e2d\u91cd\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409\u5728\u51761925\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u651d\u5f71\u3001\u96fb\u5f71\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u5d07\u5c07\u88ab\u651d\u8005\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u7269\u54c1\u822c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e36\u4efb\u4f55\u504f\u898b\u5730<\/span>\u300d\u62cd\u651d\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u8096\u50cf\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[3]<\/a>\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u4f2f\u67e5\u5179\uff08Max Burchartz \uff0c1887-1961\uff091928\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6d1b\u7279 (\u773c)\u300b\u5373\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u8096\u50cf\u300d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f5c\u54c1 \u3010\u57162\u3011\u3002\u4f2f\u67e5\u5179\u5c07\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u88ab\u651d\u8005\u7684\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u4eba\u300c\u7269\u9ad4\u5316\u300d\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u5361\u723e\u00b7\u5e15\u4f50\u592b\u65af\u57fa \uff08Karl Pazovski \uff09\u5728\u51761951\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u62c2\u98a8\u300b\u9019\u5e40\u651d\u5f71\u8096\u50cf\u4e2d\u3010\u57163\u3011\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u4e86\u4eba\u7269\u95d4\u8d77\u96d9\u7738\uff0c\u6e3e\u7136\u5fd8\u6211\u7684\u77ac\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u9080\u8acb\u89c0\u8005\u8d85\u8d8a\u88ab\u651d\u5973\u5b50\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u8c8c\uff0c\u53bb\u9032\u5165 \u3001\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u5176\u5167\u5fc3\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u963f\u9053\u592b\u2022\u65bd\u83ab\u723e\u7a31\u827e\u68ee\u5a01\u723e\u65af\uff08J.A. Schmoll gen. Eisenwerth\uff0c1915-2010\uff09\u66fe\u5c07\u300a\u62c2\u98a8\u300b\u8207\u66fc\u96f7\u7684\u300c\u8096\u50cf\u7269\u5f71\u300d(portrait-photogram) \u505a\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u5c07\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u526a\u5f71\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u66dd\u5149\u65bc\u611f\u5149\u7d19\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e15\u4f50\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u8207\u66fc\u96f7\u4ee3\u8868\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u651d\u5f71\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u8096\u50cf\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u300a\u62c2\u98a8\u300b\u9019\u985e\u4f5c\u54c1\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5fc3\u8c61\u651d\u5f71\u300d(photographic psychogram)\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5929\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5929\" style=\"width: 883px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789871-1.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5929\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5929\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789871-1.jpg?fit=883%2C425&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"883,425\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5716\u72471\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u5de6\u3010\u5716 2\u3011Max Burchartz, Lotte (Eye), 1928. \u53f3\u3010\u5716 3\u3011Karl Pazovski, Wind Swept, c. 1951.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789871-1.jpg?fit=883%2C425&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5929\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789871-1.jpg?resize=883%2C425&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u5716\u72471\" width=\"883\" height=\"425\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5929\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5de6\u3010\u5716 2\u3011Max Burchartz, Lotte (Eye), 1928. \u53f3\u3010\u5716 3\u3011Karl Pazovski, Wind Swept, c. 1951.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">1.2 \u6230\u5f8c\u5c0d\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6551\u8d16\u529b\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u662f\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u651d\u5f71\u9019\u500b\u5a92\u9ad4\u6240\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8207\u6297\u62d2\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\u5c07\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u5e36\u4f86\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u666e\u904d\u62b1\u6301\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u6b77\u53c8\u4e00\u5834\u7684\u6230\u722d\u6d69\u52ab\uff0c\u6d88\u9000\u6b86\u76e1\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e8c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u62b1\u6301\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u651d\u5f71\u79d1\u6280\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u5448\u73fe\u8207\u63a2\u7d22\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c \u986f\u5f97\u7121\u53ef\u6551\u85e5\u7684\u5929\u771f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6975\u7aef\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u3002\u8207\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409\u5728\u300a\u65b0\u8996\u91ce\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u660e\u986f\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u5176\u634d\u885b\u4eba\u6027\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u500b\u9ad4\u5275\u610f\u7684\u53cd\u79d1\u6280\u53d6\u5411\uff1a\u300c<span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5177\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6027\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u5c55\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ea6\u8da8\u5411\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5c0e\u5411\uff0c\u8d70\u5411\u63a7\u5236\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff0c\u5275\u610f\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u3002<\/span>\u300d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color:#0000ff;\">2. 1954\u5e74\u300a\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f712\u300b\uff1a\u62bd\u8c61\u8207\u651d\u5f71\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8f49\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u7684\u300a\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71 2\u300b\u5c55\u89bd\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8868\u73fe\u8207\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u5c55\u89bd\u5716\u9304\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5c07\u5169\u500b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u5370\u65bc\u5c0d\u958b\u65bc\u66f8\u8ef8\u5169\u908a\u7684\u9801\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7de8\u8f2f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fbf\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u6b64\u5169\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f62\u5f0f\u505a\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u4e00\u5e40\u4ee5\u85a9\u723e\u5340 (the Saar region) \u7164\u7926\u5834\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u98a8\u666f\u651d\u5f71\u3010\u57164\u3011\uff0c\u8207\u7b26\u6587\u00b7\u74ca\u68ee\uff08Rune Jonsson\uff0c1932-2010\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u5e45\u5ba4\u5167\u975c\u7269\u00a0 \u3010\u57165\u3011 \u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u5169\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u4ee5\u9ed1\u767d\u9ad8\u53cd\u5dee\u5370\u88fd\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7164\u7926\u5834\u6ce5\u6fd8\u571f\u5730\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u689d\u7d0b\uff0c\u8207\u74ca\u68ee\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u96e8\u6c34\u5728\u73bb\u7483\u7a97\u6236\u6d41\u4e0b\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u689d\u7d0b\u76f8\u4e92\u547c\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7de8\u6392\uff0c\u8b93\u5169\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7522\u751f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u4ef6\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u7e6a\u756b\u6027\u300d(painterliness)\uff0c \u4f3c\u4e4e\u627f\u7e7c\u4e8619\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u523020\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u6240\u76db\u8208\u7684\u300c\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\u300d(Pictorialist photography) \u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f14\u8a6d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u662f\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u76841920\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u885b\u651d\u5f71\u5148\u9a45\u5011\u6240\u5f37\u70c8\u62d2\u65a5\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5728\u6697\u623f\u88e1\u5370\u88fd\u300c\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u8207\u83ab\u4faf\u5229\uff0d\u7d0d\u5409 \u5805\u6c7a\u53cd\u5c0d\u6697\u623f\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u300c\u756b\u610f\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u7684\u53d6\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5938\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5938\" style=\"width: 1441px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789872.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5938\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5938\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789872.jpg?fit=1441%2C977&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1441,977\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"\u5716\u72472\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u5de6\u3010\u5716 4\u3011Otto Steinert, Untitled, 1953. \u53f3\u3010\u5716 5\u3011Rune Jonsson, Untitled, c. 1954.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789872.jpg?fit=1024%2C694&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5938\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/e59c96e789872.jpg?resize=1441%2C977&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\u5716\u72472\" width=\"1441\" height=\"977\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5938\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5de6\u3010\u5716 4\u3011Otto Steinert, Untitled, 1953. \u53f3\u3010\u5716 5\u3011Rune Jonsson, Untitled, c. 1954.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u5728\u3008\u8ad6\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u3009\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u5373\u70ba\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u651d\u5f71\u6280\u8853\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u5c07\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u8f49\u5316<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[6]<\/a>\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f03\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u8207\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332\u5c0d\u65bc\u5de5\u696d\u98a8\u666f\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\u800c\u8f49\u5316\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728 \u300a\u7926\u6e23\u5806\u300b \u9019\u4ef61929\u5e74\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d \u3010\u57166\u3011\uff0c\u502b\u683c\uff0d\u5e15\u8332\u5fe0\u5be6\u4e26\u7d30\u7dfb\u5730\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u9b6f\u723e\u5340 (Ruhr) \u7164\u7926\u5834\u88e1\u7684\u8349\u5730\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u3001\u792b\u77f3\u8207\u7926\u6e23\uff0c\u89c0\u8005\u7684\u773c\u775b\u88ab\u9019\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5143\u7d20\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7070\u968e\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u4e16\u754c\u9245\u7d30\u5f4c\u907a\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u53f2\u5766\u7d0d\u7279\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u8868\u73fe\u5b8c\u5168\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u85a9\u723e\u5340 (the Saar region) \u7164\u7926\u5834\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u5e72\u64fe\u6027\u7d30\u7bc0\u300d\u90fd\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u7926\u5834\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5e7e\u4f55\u7dda\u689d\u8207\u5f62\u72c0\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u69cb\u5716\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u651d\u5f71\u5275\u4f5c\u300d(absolute photographic creation) \u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8cea\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u5de5\u696d\u5316\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u52de\u529b\u7684\u525d\u524a\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u53bb\u9664\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5933\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5933\" style=\"width: 714px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/6-1.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5933\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5933\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/6-1.jpg?fit=714%2C560&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"714,560\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"6\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;\u3010\u5716 6\u3011Albert Renger-Patzsch, Slag Heaps, 1929.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/6-1.jpg?fit=714%2C560&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5933\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/6-1.jpg?resize=714%2C560&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"6\" width=\"714\" height=\"560\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5933\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u3010\u5716 6\u3011Albert Renger-Patzsch, Slag Heaps, 1929.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Letter from Albert Renger-Patzsch to Lucia Moholy, Wamel 10\/6\/1955, in Lucia Moholy\u2019s papers, quoted in Rolf Sachsse, \u201cLearning to Picture,\u2019\u2019 in <em>Otto Steinert und Sch\u00fcler: Fotografie und Ausbildung 1948 bis 1978 = Otto Steinert and His Students: Photography and Education 1948 to 1978<\/em>, Essen: Museum Folkwang, 1991, 149.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[2]<\/a> Otto Steinert, \u201cWhat This Book Is About,\u201d in <em>Subjektive Fotografie<\/em>, Bonn, Rhein: Br\u00fcder Auer Verlag, 1952, 26.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[3]<\/a> L\u00e1szlo Moholy-Nagy, <em>Malerei, Photographie, Film<\/em>, trans. Janet Seligman, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1969, 96.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[4]<\/a> Schmoll gen. Eisenwerth, \u201cObjective and Subjective Photography,\u201d in <em>Subjektive Fotografie<\/em>, 31.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[5]<\/a> Otto Steinert, \u201cWhat This Book Is About,\u201d 26.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[6]<\/a> Otto Steinert, \u201cOn the Creative Possibilities of Photography,\u201d in <em>Subjektive Fotografie 2<\/em>, Mu\u0308chen: Bu\u0308der Auer Verlag, 1955.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0001-e1584588691689.jpg?ssl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"5935\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?attachment_id=5935\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0001-e1584588691689.jpg?fit=2016%2C820&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2016,820\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"0001\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0001-e1584588691689.jpg?fit=1024%2C417&amp;ssl=1\" class=\" size-full wp-image-5935 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/arthistorystrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0001-e1584588691689.jpg?resize=2016%2C820&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"0001\" width=\"2016\" height=\"820\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u5f8c\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u4e3b\u89c0\u651d\u5f71\u300d\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u5728\u65bc\u63d0\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u6551\u8d16\u651d\u5f71\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u632b\u6557\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108978086,"featured_media":5940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[537164712],"tags":[5113985,1148051,696852880,696852881],"class_list":["post-5919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-537164712","tag-5113985","tag-1148051","tag-696852880","tag-696852881"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7OKcw-1xt","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5942,"url":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=5942","url_meta":{"origin":5919,"position":0},"title":"\u91cd\u73fe\u524d\u885b\uff1f 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