{"id":9531,"date":"2021-03-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=9531"},"modified":"2021-03-19T21:37:44","modified_gmt":"2021-03-19T13:37:44","slug":"%e9%97%9c%e6%96%bc19%e4%b8%96%e7%b4%80%e3%80%8c%e6%9d%b1%e6%96%b9%e3%80%8d%e7%9a%84%e5%bd%b1%e5%83%8f%e8%88%87%e6%95%98%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arthistorystrolls.com\/?p=9531","title":{"rendered":"\u95dc\u65bc19\u4e16\u7d00\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u300d\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u8207\u6558\u4e8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6587 \/ \u5f35\u7dad\u664f<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 1\u3011F\u00e9lix Bonfils\uff0c\u300a\u9a0e\u9a62\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u5973\u5b50\u300b \uff08Femme \u00c9gyptienne \u00e0 baudet \uff09\uff0c1870\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c26.9 \u00d7 20.7 cm\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u7167\u7247\u3002Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program
http:\/\/www.getty.edu\/art\/collection\/objects\/215366\/felix-bonfils-femme-egyptienne-a-baudet-french-1870s\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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\u540c\u6a23\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u8207\u5b78\u8005Howard Crosby\uff081826\uff0d1891\uff09\uff0c\u65bc\u904a\u8a18\u300a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5927\u5730\uff1a\u6771\u65b9\u65c5\u884c\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u300b\uff08Lands of the Moslem: A Narrative of Oriental Travel<\/em>\uff0c1851\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u8ac7\u5230\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u958b\u7f85\u4eba\u53e3\u7d0420\u842c\u4eba\uff0c\u4f54\u57c3\u53ca\u7e3d\u4eba\u53e3\u7d04\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7d04\u670916\u842c\u70ba\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5011\u76db\u884c\u7684\u670d\u88dd\u662f\u982d\u5dfe\u8207\u98c4\u9038\u9577\u888d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u8f03\u9ad8\u968e\u7d1a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6703\u7a7f\u4e0a\u6b50\u5f0f\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u670d\u88dd\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u670d\u98fe\u5448\u73fe\u4e00\u7a2e\u5982\u756b\u822c\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u78ba\u906e\u64cb\u4e86\u4eba\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u8209\u6b62\u5100\u614b\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6771\u65b9\u4eba\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u5962\u69ae\u7684\u9592\u6563\u7fd2\u6027\u3002[1]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Crosby\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\u76f8\u7576\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u8457\u88dd\u98a8\u683c\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u8209\u6b62\u95dc\u4e4e\u7279\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6b64\u6642\u9060\u8d74\u4e2d\u6771\u5730\u5340\u65c5\u904a\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\uff0c\u62cd\u651d\u4e0d\u5c11\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u904a\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u96c5\u6cd5\u7684\u5e02\u96c6\u300b\u3010\u57162\u3011\u3002\u96c5\u6cd5\uff08Jaffa\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u53e4\u8001\u6e2f\u90fd\uff0c\u56db\u65b9\u7d93\u6fdf\u8f3b\u8f33\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u756b\u9762\u4e0a\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u99f1\u99dd\u5546\u968a\u8207\u8d95\u96c6\u7684\u7267\u4eba\u5011\u7d61\u7e79\u4e0d\u7d55\uff0c\u7199\u6518\u4e00\u7247\uff1b\u50b3\u7d71\u5e02\u96c6\u5373\u666f\u8207\u8001\u57ce\u5efa\u7bc9\u76f8\u6620\uff0c\u5929\u65b9\u591c\u8b5a\u822c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6563\u767c\u5168\u7136\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u97fb\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 2\u3011 F\u00e9lix Bonfils\uff0c\u300a\u96c5\u6cd5\u7684\u5e02\u96c6\u300b\uff08Bazar de Jaffa\uff09\uff0c1894\u5e74\uff0c22.5 \u00d7 28 cm\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u7167\u7247\u3002\u7d10\u7d04\u516c\u5171\u5716\u66f8\u9928http:\/\/digitalcollections.nypl.org\/items\/510d47d9-6497-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 3\u3011Jean Pascal S\u00e9bah\uff0c\u300a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5b78\u6821\u300b\uff08Ecole Arabe\uff09\uff0c1870\uff0d1899\u5e74\uff0c21.5 \u00d7 27 cm\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u7167\u7247\u3002\u7d10\u7d04\u516c\u5171\u5716\u66f8\u9928http:\/\/digitalcollections.nypl.org\/items\/510d47d9-61ff-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Crosby\u7684\u904a\u8a18\u4e2d\u9084\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5b78\u6821\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u898b40\u621650\u4f4d\u7537\u5b69\u96c6\u7d50\u5728\u6beb\u7121\u9673\u8a2d\u7684\u5c4b\u5167\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u76e4\u817f\u800c\u5750\uff0c\u77ee\u684c\u6216\u68d5\u6ada\u6728\u88fd\u7684\u67b6\u5b50\u64f1\u5728\u8ddf\u5152\u524d\uff0c\u4e0a\u982d\u7f6e\u6709\u300a\u53e4\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u958b\u7f85\u5728\u5730\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u5834\u666f\u4ea6\u53ef\u898b\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u6558\u5229\u4e9e\u4e9e\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u651d\u5f71\u5e2bJean Pascal S\u00e9bah\uff081872\uff0d1947\uff09\u7684\u300a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5b78\u6821\u300b\u3010\u57163\u3011\u6240\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\u897f\u65b9\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u65bc\u6771\u65b9\u570b\u969b\u5927\u57ce\uff08\u591a\u6578\u662f\u6d77\u6e2f\u6216\u9996\u90fd\uff09\u9577\u4e45\u843d\u8173\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u5730\u7d93\u71df\u76f8\u9928\uff1b\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u77ed\u671f\u5728\u4e2d\u6771\u5730\u5340\u591a\u8655\u884c\u65c5\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u651d\u5f71\u4f5c\u54c1\u5e36\u56de\u6b50\u6d32\u7b49\uff0c\u662f19\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u666e\u904d\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5546\u696d\u651d\u5f71\uff08Commercial photography\uff09\u7684\u6feb\u89f4\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5f71\u97ff\u5728\u5730\u651d\u5f71\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u89c0\u5149\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\uff0c\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u65c5\u5ba2\u8ca9\u552e\u89c0\u5149\u7d00\u5ff5\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5f71\u50cf\u5305\u542b\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u98a8\u666f\u3001\u53f2\u8e5f\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u91c7\u98a8\u3001\u57ce\u9109\u666f\u89c0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f34\u96a819\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u8449\u74b0\u904a\u4e16\u754c\u65c5\u884c\u5728\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u65e5\u76ca\u8208\u76db\uff0c\u70ba\u63a2\u7d22\u5177\u6709\u50b3\u5947\u6027\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u300d\uff08the East\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u300cOriental travel\u300d\uff08\u6771\u65b9\u65c5\u904a\uff09\u71b1\u6f6e\uff1b[2]<\/a>\u671d\u5411\u6771\u65b9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u54c1\u5473\uff0c\u9010\u6b21\u63d0\u5347\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u7f8e\u5b78\u6027\u8a34\u6c42\u3002\u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u65c5\u904a\u6307\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u4eca\u65e5\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u6771\u4e9e\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8de8\u8db3\u6cdb\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u3001\u5317\u975e\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u9060\u81f3\u4e9e\u6d32\uff08\u5982\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e00\u9ede\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u897f\u6b50\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u300d\u5730\u7406\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u653f\u6559\u5408\u4e00\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u5316\u570b\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u300c\u7570\u6559\u6587\u5316\u300d\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u9818\u57df\u5728\u8868\u73fe\u4e0a\u523b\u610f\u5f37\u8abf\u7406\u60f3\u6771\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u523b\u756b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u53ea\u662f\u5beb\u5be6\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u6771\u65b9\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

Abdullah Fr\u00e9res\u662f\u9102\u5716\u66fc\u4e9e\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9e\u88d4\u7684\u4e09\u5144\u5f1f\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u9102\u5716\u66fc\u5e1d\u570b\u665a\u671f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5bae\u5ef7\u5fa1\u7528\u651d\u5f71\u5e2b\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8a18\u9304\u845719\u4e16\u7d00\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5821\u91cd\u8981\u907a\u8de1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f7c\u6642\u4eba\u7269\u98a8\u60c5\u3002\u300a\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5973\u5b50\u300b\uff08\u57164\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5ba4\u5167\u64fa\u62cd\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e03\u666f\u4e43\u5728\u76f8\u9928\u4e2d\u642d\u5efa\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5973\u5b50\u81c9\u4e0a\u570d\u8457\u900f\u660e\u9762\u7d17\uff0c\u67d4\u60c5\u4f3c\u6c34\u7684\u660e\u7738\u7aef\u8a73\u8457\u93e1\u982d\u53e6\u4e00\u5074\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u6240\u601d\u3002\u5979\u4e00\u624b\u8f15\u637b\u82b1\u675f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u624b\u63e1\u8457\u967d\u5098\u9802\u7aef\u3002\u5bec\u655e\u5927\u888d\u906e\u4f4f\u8eab\u5f62\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c\u4f46\u7480\u74a8\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\u9805\u934a\u6697\u793a\u8457\u4e0d\u4fd7\u8eab\u5206\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u65c5\u884c\u4f5c\u5bb6Thomas Wallace Knox\uff081835\uff0d1896\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6771\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\uff1b\u6291\u6216\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5c0f\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u8207\u8056\u5730\u7684\u65b0\u65c5\u884c\u300b\uff08The Oriental World; or, New Travels in Turkey, Russia, Egypt, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land<\/em>\uff0c1879\u5e74\uff09\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5973\u6027\u4ee5\u6975\u8584\u7684\u9762\u7d17\u70ba\u6642\u5c1a\uff1b\u5b83\u4f7f\u4e94\u5b98\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8f2a\u5ed3\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f69\u6234\u8005\u751f\u5f97\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u60a8\u80af\u5b9a\u77e5\u66c9\u3002<\/span>\u300d[3]<\/a>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728Knox\u7684\u904a\u8a18\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u6709\u4e00\u5e45\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u4e00\u4f4d\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4f73\u4eba\u300d\uff08A Turkish Beauty\uff09\u5c0f\u63d2\u5716\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u300a\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5973\u5b50\u300b\u4e00\u4f5c\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u65b9\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u8a72\u5e40\u7167\u7247\u62cd\u651d\u6642\u9593\u80af\u5b9a\u65e9\u65bc1879\u5e74\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u89c0\u5149\u651d\u5f71\u7d50\u5408\u8457\u7576\u6642\u904a\u8a18\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u7248\u756b\u3001\u901f\u5beb\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u66f8\u4e2d\u63d2\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 4\u3011Abdullah Fr\u00e9res\uff0c\u300a\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5973\u5b50\u300b\uff08Turkish Woman, Full-Length Portrait, Seated, Facing Front, Holding Parasol and Flowers\uff09\uff0c1880\uff0d1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928 https:\/\/www.loc.<\/a>g<\/a>ov\/item\/2003677089\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7576\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u7834\u58de\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u524d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u9019\u500b\uff08\u4ecd\u5c6c\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\uff09\u7684\u7576\u4e0b\u9084\u6c92\u6c38\u9060\u6d88\u5931\u6642\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u8a66\u8457\u5c07\u5176\u7262\u56fa\u5730\u5b89\u7f6e\u65bc\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u651d\u5f71\u8996\u91ce\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002[4]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u6642\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u907a\u8de1\u6216\u98a8\u666f\u7167\u5728\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u5f71\u50cf\u300d\u4f54\u64da\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u5b97\u3002\u591a\u6578\u50b3\u4e16\u7684\u89c0\u5149\u7d00\u5ff5\u76f8\u518a\u5145\u65a5\u8457\u5404\u5730\u907a\u8de1\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u3001\u53e4\u8001\u7834\u820a\u7684\u57ce\u588e\u3001\u6709\u8457\u7e41\u8907\u96d5\u98fe\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u6216\u5370\u5ea6\u5efa\u7bc9\u3001\u58b3\u5730\u3001\u96d5\u50cf\u6216\u5ee2\u589f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5e36\u6709\u61f7\u820a\u611f\uff08nostalgic\uff09\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\uff08historic\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u7269\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u89c0\u5149\u651d\u5f71\u5167\u5bb9\u4e00\u74b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u8056\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9e\u5927\u6559\u5802\u300b\u3010\u57165\u3011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u3010\u5716 5\u3011Abdullah Fr\u00e9res\uff0c\u300a\u8056\u7d22\u83f2\u4e9e\u5927\u6559\u5802\u300b\uff08St. Sophie\uff09\uff0c1880\uff0d1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6703\u5716\u66f8\u9928https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/2003677065\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

19\u4e16\u7d00\u6771\u65b9\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u65c5\u904a\u6f6e\u6709\u8457\u76f8\u8f14\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u8a31\u591a\u5716\u6587\u904a\u8a18\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u89c0\u5149\u651d\u5f71\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6587\u5b78\u8207\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u5f62\u5851\u7368\u7279\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u9060\u6771\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u9ede\u503c\u5f97\u88dc\u5145\uff1a\u63a2\u8a0e\u6771\u65b9\u5b78\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u6df7\u6dc6\u300cthe East\u300d\u548c\u300cOriental\u300d\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6307\u6d89\u4e86\u300c\u6771\u908a\u300d\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u5c0d19\u4e16\u7d00\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5e36\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u300c\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0f\u5730\u7406\u5340\u4f4d\u300d\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u5167\u6db5\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u860a\u542b\u7531\u300c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u300d\u672c\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\u6240\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5340\u5225\u9084\u662f\u7279\u5225\u7c60\u7d71\u300220\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u70ba\u9019\u985e\u8a5e\u8a9e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u5c64\u6b21\u8207\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u500b\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u8996\u89ba\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u6380\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u539f\u6587\uff1a\u201cThe prevailing costume is the turban and flowing robes, though among the higher classes (who are mostly Turks) the European dress is introduced in some cases. However picturesque may be the Oriental garments, they certainly impede the active movements of the body, and conduce to that luxurious lounging habit so characteristic of the East.\u201d In Howard Crosby, Lands of the Moslem: A Narrative of Oriental Travel<\/em> (New York: Robert Carter and Brothers, 1851), p. 18.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u5c0d\u90e8\u5206\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6771\u65b9\u65c5\u904a\u53ef\u8b02\u6f5b\u85cf\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u907f\u4e16\u5fc3\u614b\u3002\u8087\u56e0\u65bc\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u53ca\u65b0\u8208\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u7d1a\u6240\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u4e16\u9053\u8207\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u6771\u65b9\u8ffd\u5c0b\u7d14\u6a38\u800c\u672a\u958b\u5316\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u8cb4\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u300d\uff08noble savage\uff09\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u5c0d\u7406\u60f3\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u56ae\u5f80\u3002Maria Jo\u00e3o Castro, \u201cThe Fascination for the Orient in Contemporary Travel Literature and Painting,\u201d International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS) Volume 4, Issue 2 (2016), p. 153.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u539f\u6587\uff1a\u201cThe veil of the Turkish women of fashion is of the thinnest gauze; it allows the full outline of the features to be distinctly seen, and if the wearer is pretty you are sure to know it.\u201d In Thomas Wallace Knox, The Oriental World; or, New Travels in Turkey, Russia, Egypt, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land<\/em> (San Francisco: Hawley, Rising & Stiles, 1879), p. 136.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u539f\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u2026Before that happens, before Progress has completed its destructive work, before this present \u2013 which is still the past \u2013 has disappeared forever, we have tried, so to speak, to fix and immobilize it in a series of photographic views.\u201d In Ali Behdad, Camera Orientalis: Reflections on Photography of the Middle East <\/em>(Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016), p. 32.<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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